Xu Yuling, Liang Anyi, Zheng Xianqi, Huang Ziyi, Li Qinyi, Su Ting, Wu Qiaowei, Fang Ying, Hu Yijun, Sun Wei, Yu Honghua, Zhang Xiayin
Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Eye (Lond). 2024 Oct;38(15):2939-2946. doi: 10.1038/s41433-024-03193-z. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Cataract is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. However, little is known about sex differences in cataracts. Our study aimed to explore potential sex differences in the relationships between key social, lifestyle, and physical health risk factors and the incidence of cataracts.
A total of 117,972 participants from the UK Biobank were included in this prospective cohort study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and female-to-male ratios of HRs (RHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cataract risk factors. Poisson regression was used to assess the incidence of cataracts (per 10,000 person-years).
A total of 117,972 individuals without preexisting eye diseases were enroled in the analysis. 4172 subjects (54.8% female) were diagnosed with cataracts during follow-up. The crude incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were 35.06 for females and 29.15 for males. The incidence of cataracts increased in both males and females with factors such as Asian or Black ethnicity, smoking status, obesity, diabetes, and myopia. However, males who consumed alcohol or were unemployed suffered a greater risk of cataracts compared to their female counterparts, while high socioeconomic status, elevated blood pressure and metabolic syndrome were associated with a greater risk of cataracts in females than in males.
This study provides a comprehensive overview of sex differences in the associations between cataracts and various risk factors. Our findings highlight that socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors are more strongly linked to cataract risk in males, whereas females with systemic diseases face a greater risk of developing cataract.
白内障是全球失明的主要原因。然而，关于白内障的性别差异知之甚少。我们的研究旨在探讨关键社会、生活方式和身体健康风险因素与白内障发病率之间潜在的性别差异。
本前瞻性队列研究纳入了英国生物银行的117972名参与者。使用Cox比例风险模型计算白内障风险因素的风险比（HRs）以及HRs的女性与男性比例（RHRs），并给出95%置信区间（CIs）。使用泊松回归评估白内障的发病率（每10000人年）。
共有117972名无既往眼部疾病的个体纳入分析。随访期间，4172名受试者（54.8%为女性）被诊断为白内障。每10000人年的粗发病率女性为35.06，男性为29.15。白内障的发病率在男性和女性中均随亚洲或黑人种族、吸烟状况、肥胖、糖尿病和近视等因素而增加。然而，与女性相比，饮酒或失业的男性患白内障的风险更高，而高社会经济地位、高血压和代谢综合征在女性中比在男性中与患白内障的风险更高相关。
本研究全面概述了白内障与各种风险因素之间关联的性别差异。我们的研究结果强调，社会经济和生活方式风险因素与男性白内障风险的联系更为紧密，而患有全身性疾病的女性患白内障的风险更大。
