Shatz A, Arensburg B, Hiss J, Ostfeld E
Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Zamenhof Central Multispecialty Clinic, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Acta Anat (Basel). 1994;149(2):141-5. doi: 10.1159/000147569.
Survival of infants born with bilateral choanal atresia or pyriform aperture stenosis who breathe orally, as well as experimental data, challenge the virtually axiomatic theory of 'obligatory' nose breathing of the neonate. The anatomical parameters leading to the infant's airway patency and to airway obstruction were studied on midsagittal anatomical sections of fetal and adult necks as well as in head and neck radiographs of infants. The most important anatomical parameter found to facilitate the switch from nasal to oral ventilation in human infants is a cervical extension, creating a physiological lordosis of the neck that results in an opening of the veloglossal and veloepiglottic sphincters. This mechanism may explain the relationship between the sleeping posture of the infant and sudden infant death syndrome.
经口呼吸的双侧后鼻孔闭锁或梨状孔狭窄的新生儿的存活情况以及实验数据，对新生儿“必须”经鼻呼吸这一几乎被视为公理的理论提出了挑战。我们在胎儿和成人颈部的正中矢状面解剖切片以及婴儿的头颈部X光片中，研究了导致婴儿气道通畅和气道阻塞的解剖学参数。发现有助于人类婴儿从鼻腔通气转换为口腔通气的最重要解剖学参数是颈椎伸展，这会在颈部形成生理性前凸，从而导致腭舌和腭会厌括约肌开放。这一机制或许可以解释婴儿睡眠姿势与婴儿猝死综合征之间的关系。
