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工作场所的人体工程学危害:评估与预防

Ergonomic hazards in the workplace: assessment and prevention.

作者信息

Ross P

出版信息

AAOHN J. 1994 Apr;42(4):171-6.

PMID:8037818
Abstract
  1. Ergonomic hazards impact employers and workers and their families. Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or postures, repetitive movements, and other ergonomic hazards induce or contribute to a staggering number of cumulative trauma disorders. 2. Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) affect hands, wrists, elbows, arms, shoulders, the lower back, and the cervical spine area. Structures involved include tendons, muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. One can plan strategies for abatement by learning to recognize the hazards that contribute to CTD. 3. OSHA has published the Ergonomic Program Management Guidelines. OSHA has also given Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for an Ergonomic Standard that will affect all industries. 4. A company wide ergonomic assessment should be developed, followed by a well written ergonomic plan. Ergonomic abatement will decrease the costs associated with CTD and ultimately impact the corporate "bottom line."
摘要
  1. 人体工程学危害会影响雇主、工人及其家庭。工作场所设计不佳、身体力学或姿势不当、重复动作以及其他人体工程学危害会引发或导致大量累积性创伤疾病。2. 累积性创伤疾病(CTD)会影响手、手腕、肘部、手臂、肩膀、下背部和颈椎区域。涉及的结构包括肌腱、肌肉、骨骼、神经和血管。人们可以通过学会识别导致CTD的危害来制定减轻危害的策略。3. 职业安全与健康管理局(OSHA)已发布《人体工程学计划管理指南》。OSHA还发布了一项将影响所有行业的人体工程学标准的拟议规则制定预先通知。4. 应开展全公司范围的人体工程学评估,随后制定一份编写完善的人体工程学计划。减轻人体工程学危害将降低与CTD相关的成本,并最终影响公司的“底线”。

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