Mericske-Stern R, Steinlin Schaffner T, Marti P, Geering A H
Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Mar;5(1):9-18. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050102.x.
Sixty-six ITI implants placed in the mandible of 33 edentulous elderly patients (mean age: 69 years) were observed longitudinally for 5 years. The implants served as overdenture anchorage either by means of a connecting bar or single spherical attachments. During the study period, 2 implants failed (one because of a peri-implant lesion and one because of a fracture) and had to be removed. At the beginning of the study, all implants were osseointegrated and had successfully been in function for 3-5 months. Oral hygiene practices and the peri-implant mucosal status were assessed according to the criteria of conventional periodontal parameters. Approximately 50% of the implants had been installed into lining mucosa and hence were to surrounded by keratinized mucosa. The peri-implant mucosal tissue was maintained healthy during the whole observation period, and no or only minimal loss of attachment was observed. The probing depths averaged approximately 3 mm. At the end of the study, orthopantomographic radiographs were obtained from all patients to assess the peri-implant bony structures. Small local angular bony defects were detected on 16 implants (22%) in 12 patients. Slightly increased probing depths were observed when angular bony defects were present. Loss of attachment was significantly less frequent when the implants had been placed following a prolonged period of edentulousness (> 5 years). This study demonstrated that advanced age, reduced dexterity of elderly patients and environmental conditions of overdentures do not represent a higher risk for the development of peri-implant lesions.
对33例无牙老年患者（平均年龄69岁）下颌植入的66颗ITI种植体进行了为期5年的纵向观察。这些种植体通过连接杆或单个球形附件作为覆盖义齿的固位体。在研究期间，2颗种植体失败（1颗因种植体周围病变，1颗因骨折）并不得不取出。研究开始时，所有种植体均已骨整合，并已成功行使功能3至5个月。根据传统牙周参数标准评估口腔卫生习惯和种植体周围黏膜状况。大约50%的种植体植入到衬里黏膜中，因此被角化黏膜包围。在整个观察期内，种植体周围黏膜组织保持健康，未观察到附着丧失或仅有轻微附着丧失。探诊深度平均约为3mm。研究结束时，对所有患者进行曲面断层X线片检查，以评估种植体周围骨结构。在12例患者的16颗种植体（22%）上检测到小的局部角形骨缺损。当存在角形骨缺损时，探诊深度略有增加。种植体在长期无牙（>5年）后植入时，附着丧失的发生率明显较低。这项研究表明，高龄、老年患者灵活性降低以及覆盖义齿的环境条件并不会增加种植体周围病变发生的风险。
