De Cock K M, Ekpini E, Gnaore E, Kadio A, Gayle H D
Projet RETRO-CI, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
JAMA. 1994 Aug 10;272(6):481-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.272.6.481.
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic has led to greatly increased international collaboration for medical research, mainly epidemiologic in nature, in Africa. Greater understanding of HIV/AIDS has resulted, and considerable training and technology transfer have occurred. However, analytic and descriptive research in countries heavily affected by AIDS has been slow to turn to assessment of interventions, and practical benefits to those countries' public health and policies have lagged behind scientific knowledge. This article considers the public health implications of selected HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa and discusses opportunities for interventions and more applied research. Topics covered include HIV testing and its role, surveillance, control of sexually transmitted diseases, the vulnerability of youth and women, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS care, and the inadequacy of resources currently committed to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in resource-poor countries. Research on HIV/AIDS in Africa has yielded crucial information but now should prioritize interventions and their evaluation. Specific goals that might limit the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in resource-poor countries are achievable given vision, commitment, and resources.
人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）疫情促使非洲地区在医学研究方面开展了大量国际合作，主要是流行病学性质的研究。这使得人们对HIV/AIDS有了更深入的了解，并且进行了大量的培训和技术转让。然而，在受艾滋病严重影响的国家，分析性和描述性研究在转向干预措施评估方面进展缓慢，这些国家的公共卫生和政策所获得的实际益处落后于科学知识。本文探讨了撒哈拉以南非洲地区特定HIV/AIDS研究对公共卫生的影响，并讨论了干预措施和更多应用研究的机会。涵盖的主题包括HIV检测及其作用、监测、性传播疾病的控制、青年和妇女的脆弱性、结核病、HIV/AIDS护理，以及资源匮乏国家目前用于HIV/AIDS预防和控制的资源不足。非洲的HIV/AIDS研究已经产生了关键信息，但现在应该优先考虑干预措施及其评估。鉴于远见、承诺和资源，在资源匮乏国家实现可能限制HIV/AIDS疫情影响的具体目标是可行的。
