Williams R, Westmorland M
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Occup Ther. 1994 May;48(5):411-20. doi: 10.5014/ajot.48.5.411.
The umbrella term cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) (also known as repetitive strain injuries, overuse syndromes, and repetitive motion disorders) covers a number of similar conditions arising from overuse of the joints or soft tissues of the upper extremity. Occupational CTDs have become a common problem in the workplace. These disorders are costly to the employer, the worker, and society in terms of time lost from work and resulting disability. Within the past decade, occupational therapists and physical therapists specializing in rehabilitation of work-related musculoskeletal injuries have seen an increase in the incidence of CTDs of the upper extremity in the workplace. Therapists are called upon not just to treat these injured workers, but also to help them regain a functional level for work reentry and to educate them to prevent reinjury. This article reviews the literature on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and management of upper-extremity occupational CTDs. Because the ultimate goal of the workplace is to maintain the health and safety of the employee, an educational approach to hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder use is essential to prevent, decrease, or eliminate the risk of occupational CTDs of the upper extremity.
累积性创伤失调（CTDs）（也称为重复性劳损、过度使用综合征和重复性运动障碍）这一统称涵盖了因上肢关节或软组织过度使用而引发的多种类似病症。职业性CTDs已成为工作场所中的常见问题。这些病症在工作时间损失和由此导致的残疾方面，给雇主、工人和社会带来了高昂代价。在过去十年中，专门从事与工作相关的肌肉骨骼损伤康复治疗的职业治疗师和物理治疗师发现，工作场所上肢CTDs的发病率有所上升。治疗师不仅要治疗这些受伤工人，还要帮助他们恢复到能够重新工作的功能水平，并教育他们预防再次受伤。本文回顾了有关上肢职业性CTDs的流行病学、病因学、病理生理学和管理的文献。由于工作场所的最终目标是维护员工的健康和安全，因此，针对手部、腕部、肘部和肩部使用的教育方法对于预防、减少或消除上肢职业性CTDs的风险至关重要。
