Cameron N, Gordon-Larsen P, Wrchota E M
Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, Medical School, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Mar;93(3):307-21. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330930304.
Adolescent growth in height, fatness, and fat patterning was investigated in a sample of 79 rural South African black children studied longitudinally from 6-18 years. Data were analyzed relative to peak height velocity (PHV) to identify the phenomenon of "compensatory" growth in height during adolescence and to describe changes in fatness and fat patterning. Compensatory growth following PHV was clearly observed relative to NHANES data for African-Americans in that Z-scores for height at the start of the adolescent growth spurt were greater than those at the end of the spurt. Statistically significant differences in fatness and centralization between males and females did not occur until about 2 years after PHV was attained. Centralization of fat occurred in both sexes but more so in males. The lack of centralization in females was due to relatively greater triceps skinfold velocities. The rapid gain in post-PHV fatness in females may represent a physiological adaptation to an energetically sub-optimal environment, buffering the energetic costs of reproduction.
对79名南非农村黑人儿童进行了纵向研究，年龄从6岁至18岁，调查了青少年身高、肥胖程度及脂肪分布情况。相对于身高增长高峰期（PHV）对数据进行分析，以确定青少年期身高“代偿性”增长现象，并描述肥胖程度及脂肪分布的变化。相对于美国非裔的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据，明显观察到PHV之后的代偿性生长，即青少年生长突增开始时的身高Z评分高于突增结束时的评分。直到达到PHV约2年后，男性和女性在肥胖程度及脂肪分布集中化方面才出现统计学上的显著差异。脂肪分布集中化在两性中均有发生，但在男性中更为明显。女性缺乏脂肪分布集中化是由于肱三头肌皮褶厚度增长速度相对较快。女性在PHV之后肥胖程度的快速增加可能代表对能量次优环境的一种生理适应，缓冲生殖的能量消耗。
