Miller P P, Brown T A, DiNardo P A, Barlow D H
Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, University at Albany, State University of New York 12203.
Behav Res Ther. 1994 Jun;32(5):511-9. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90138-4.
The present study evaluated the efficacy of three tasks in inducing depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) in three different groups: (a) panic disorder patients who report these symptoms while panicking (PD + DD; n = 10); (b) panic disorder patients never experiencing these symptoms during panic attacks (PD; n = 10); and (c) nonanxious controls (NC; n = 10). Clinical features of the PD+DD and PD Ss were compared as well. Relative to PD Ss, PD + DD Ss evidenced higher levels of depression, trait anxiety, more fear of panic, and had a briefer duration of their disorder. A substantial proportion of NC Ss reported past DP and DR experiences. DP and DR induction procedures were the following: staring at a dot on the wall, staring in a mirror, and silent repetition of one's name. Results indicated two tasks (mirror and dot) successfully elicited these sensations above baseline levels with DP reported more frequently and intensely than DR for all Ss. The PD + DD Ss evidenced greater baseline-to-task increases in DP and DR relative to the other two groups and exhibited a differential fear response, particularly on the dot task, with 30% of these Ss intentionally distracting themselves or terminating the induction.
本研究评估了三项任务在三组不同人群中诱发人格解体（DP）和现实解体（DR）的效果：（a）在恐慌时报告这些症状的惊恐障碍患者（PD + DD；n = 10）；（b）在惊恐发作期间从未经历过这些症状的惊恐障碍患者（PD；n = 10）；以及（c）非焦虑对照组（NC；n = 10）。还比较了PD+DD组和PD组患者的临床特征。与PD组患者相比，PD + DD组患者的抑郁水平、特质焦虑水平更高，对恐慌的恐惧更强，且病程更短。相当一部分NC组患者报告有过人格解体和现实解体经历。人格解体和现实解体的诱发程序如下：盯着墙上的一个点、照镜子、以及默念自己的名字。结果表明，两项任务（镜子和点）成功诱发了高于基线水平的这些感觉，所有组中人格解体的报告频率和强度均高于现实解体。与其他两组相比，PD + DD组患者在人格解体和现实解体方面从基线到任务的增加幅度更大，并且表现出不同的恐惧反应，尤其是在点任务上，30%的该组患者故意分散自己的注意力或终止诱发。
