Larsson M, Bäckman L
Section of Psychology, Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.
Aging (Milano). 1994 Feb;6(1):35-42. doi: 10.1007/BF03324211.
Adult age differences in external source monitoring were examined using three types of materials differing in degree of salience. Young (mean age = 25.2 years), young-old (mean age = 66.0 years), and old adults (mean age = 74.7 years) learned organizable words, objects, and subject-performed tasks, with a blocked or random presentation. Later, subjects were asked to recognize the items and to identify their origins. Results indicated an age-related deficit in both item memory and external source monitoring as reflected by lower recognition performance, and more source confusion errors with increasing age. A strong positive relationship between episodic item memory and source memory was found for all age groups. Overall, the results suggest that age deficits in source monitoring may be determined by the same factors as age deficits in item memory.
使用三种显著程度不同的材料，对成年人在外部来源监控方面的年龄差异进行了研究。年轻人（平均年龄 = 25.2岁）、年轻老年人（平均年龄 = 66.0岁）和老年人（平均年龄 = 74.7岁）学习可组织的单词、物体和主体执行任务，采用组块或随机呈现方式。之后，要求受试者识别这些项目并确定其来源。结果表明，随着年龄增长，识别表现降低，且源混淆错误增多，这反映出在项目记忆和外部来源监控方面都存在与年龄相关的缺陷。在所有年龄组中，情景项目记忆与源记忆之间都发现了很强的正相关关系。总体而言，结果表明，源监控方面的年龄缺陷可能由与项目记忆中的年龄缺陷相同的因素决定。
