Gross K B, Haidar A H, Basha M A, Chan T L, Gwizdala C J, Wooley R G, Popovich J, Cwizdala C J
Department of Automotive Safety and Health Research, General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, Michigan.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Aug;150(2):408-14. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.2.8049823.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the aerosols and gases that vent into an automobile's passenger compartment after airbag deployment pose a risk to the asthmatic population. After baseline pulmonary function measurements were taken, 24 diagnosed asthmatic subjects were placed in the rear seat of an automobile, and a driver-passenger airbag system was deployed. Subjects remained in the vehicle with the windows closed and no ventilation for 20 min or until they perceived or demonstrated signs of chest tightness and bronchoconstriction. They then exited the vehicle and were retested immediately after exposure and 2 and 4 h after exposure. Ten of the 24 subjects demonstrated clinically significant bronchoconstrictive episodes, three of which required medical intervention. These three events were quickly reversed by beta-agonist therapy. When eight of the responding subjects were reexposed at later dates to the same supplemental inflatable restraints emissions while wearing a high-efficiency particulate absolute respirator, which prevented inhalation of the particles but allowed passage of the gases, the pulmonary response was essentially eliminated. We conclude that the aerosols generated by deployment of automotive driver-passenger airbag systems can induce significant asthmatic reactions in some individuals.
本研究的目的是确定安全气囊展开后排放到汽车乘客舱内的气溶胶和气体是否会对哮喘患者构成风险。在进行基线肺功能测量后，将24名确诊为哮喘的受试者安置在汽车后座，然后展开驾驶员-乘客安全气囊系统。受试者在车窗关闭且无通风的情况下在车内停留20分钟，或直至他们感觉到或表现出胸闷和支气管收缩的迹象。然后他们离开车辆，并在暴露后立即以及暴露后2小时和4小时进行重新测试。24名受试者中有10名出现了具有临床意义的支气管收缩发作，其中3例需要医疗干预。这3例事件通过β-激动剂治疗迅速得到缓解。当8名有反应的受试者在之后的日期佩戴高效颗粒绝对呼吸器再次暴露于相同的补充充气约束装置排放物时，该呼吸器可防止吸入颗粒但允许气体通过，肺部反应基本消除。我们得出结论，汽车驾驶员-乘客安全气囊系统展开产生的气溶胶可在一些个体中诱发显著的哮喘反应。
