Vallet P G, Charpiot A
Institutions Universitaires de Psychiatrie, Genève, Suisse.
Encephale. 1994 Mar-Apr;20(2):131-7.
Ischemia, hypoxia and anoxia are the most affecting causes in the neuropathology of the central nervous system because energy is produced almost entirely from the oxidative metabolism of glucose (60 mg/min) and neurons are more vulnerable to oxygen deficiency than astrocytes, oligodendroglia and microglia. Even though the reduction of blood supply and the decrease of oxygen content are the predominant factors to induce pathological processes, intrinsic factors of neuronal organization have become the center of interest, such as the anatomical connectivity, neurotransmitters and receptors operating in specific vulnerable areas. Among brain areas, the hippocampus is a classical predilection site for ischemic injury as for selective vulnerability. Short ischemic period is sufficient to damage CA1 sector whereas the adjacent CA3 sector and the gyrus dentatus are resistant. This differential pattern of resistance to damage between CA1 and other brain areas allows to compare specific properties of these hippocampic cells.
缺血、缺氧和无氧是中枢神经系统神经病理学中最具影响的病因，因为能量几乎完全由葡萄糖的氧化代谢产生（每分钟60毫克），并且神经元比星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞更容易受到缺氧的影响。尽管血液供应减少和氧含量降低是诱发病理过程的主要因素，但神经元组织的内在因素已成为研究的焦点，如特定易损区域的解剖连接性、神经递质和受体。在脑区中，海马体是缺血性损伤的典型偏好部位，具有选择性易损性。短暂的缺血期足以损害CA1区，而相邻的CA3区和齿状回则具有抗性。CA1区与其他脑区之间这种对损伤的不同抗性模式，有助于比较这些海马体细胞的特定特性。
