Bronner-Fraser M
Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine 92717.
FASEB J. 1994 Jul;8(10):699-706. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.8.10.8050668.
Neural crest cells arise from the neural tube shortly after its closure and migrate extensively through prescribed regions of the embryos, where they differentiate into most of the peripheral nervous system as well as the facial skeleton and pigment cells. Along the embryonic axis, several distinct neural crest populations differ both in their migratory pathways and range of derivatives. Whereas those cells arising from the midbrain migrate as a uniform sheet of cells, neural crest cells emerging from the hindbrain and trunk regions migrate in a segmented manner. For example, trunk neural crest cells move preferentially through the rostral, but not caudal, half of each somite. Interactions with tissues encountered during migration strongly influence this segmental migratory pattern. For example, the mesodermal somites dictate the segmental migration of trunk neural crest cells and the otic placode appears to attract hindbrain neural crest cells. Although little is known about the molecular basis underlying migration, patterns of gene expression in the hindbrain are thought to contribute to the segmental arrangement of neural crest cells. Furthermore, neural crest cells possess integrin receptors that may be important for interacting with extracellular matrix molecules in their surroundings.
神经嵴细胞在神经管闭合后不久从神经管产生，并广泛迁移通过胚胎的特定区域，在那里它们分化为大部分外周神经系统以及面部骨骼和色素细胞。沿着胚胎轴，几个不同的神经嵴群体在其迁移途径和衍生物范围上都有所不同。从中脑产生的那些细胞以均匀的细胞片形式迁移，而后脑和躯干区域产生的神经嵴细胞则以分段方式迁移。例如，躯干神经嵴细胞优先通过每个体节的头侧半部分迁移，而不是尾侧半部分。迁移过程中与所遇到组织的相互作用强烈影响这种分段迁移模式。例如，中胚层体节决定了躯干神经嵴细胞的分段迁移，耳基板似乎吸引后脑神经嵴细胞。尽管对迁移的分子基础知之甚少，但后脑基因表达模式被认为有助于神经嵴细胞的分段排列。此外，神经嵴细胞拥有整合素受体，这可能对与周围环境中的细胞外基质分子相互作用很重要。
