Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Genesis. 2022 Sep;60(8-9):e23490. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23490. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is critical to maintain bone homeostasis. The alveolar bone, also called the alveolar process, is the part of the jawbone that holds the teeth and supports oral functions. It differs from other skeletal bones in several aspects: its embryonic cellular origin, the form of ossification, and the presence of teeth and periodontal tissues; hence, understanding the unique characteristic of the alveolar bone remodeling is important to maintain oral homeostasis. Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption is one of the prominent features of bone diseases in the jaw such as periodontitis. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorptive process has been the target of therapeutic intervention. Understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastic bone resorption is critical for the effective treatment of bone diseases in the jaw. In this review, we discuss basic principles of alveolar bone remodeling with a specific focus on the osteoclastic bone resorptive process and its unique functions in the alveolar bone. Lastly, we provide perspectives on osteoclast-targeted therapies and regenerative approaches associated with bone diseases in the jaw.
破骨细胞是源自造血系统的大型多核细胞，负责骨吸收。破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成之间的平衡对于维持骨稳态至关重要。牙槽骨，也称为牙槽突，是颌骨中容纳牙齿并支持口腔功能的部分。它在几个方面与其他骨骼不同：其胚胎细胞起源、骨化形式以及牙齿和牙周组织的存在；因此，了解牙槽骨改建的独特特征对于维持口腔稳态很重要。破骨细胞的过度骨吸收是颌骨骨疾病（如牙周炎）的一个显著特征。因此，抑制破骨细胞的形成和骨吸收过程一直是治疗干预的目标。了解破骨细胞骨吸收的机制对于颌骨骨疾病的有效治疗至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了牙槽骨改建的基本原则，特别关注破骨细胞的骨吸收过程及其在牙槽骨中的独特功能。最后，我们提供了与颌骨骨疾病相关的破骨细胞靶向治疗和再生方法的观点。
