Stephen A M, Sieber G M
Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Br J Nutr. 1994 May;71(5):775-88. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940183.
Mortality from coronary heart disease is decreasing in a number of Western countries, although the pattern of the decrease differs from country to country. In the UK the mortality rate from coronary heart disease has declined since 1979, whereas in the USA mortality from this disease began to fall in 1968 and has continued since that time. Of many factors suggested as reasons for the decline, diet has been implicated, particularly dietary fat intake. However, food balance information suggests little change in fat intake. A recent examination of all published studies from the USA where individual fat intake has been reported indicated that fat intake in that country has fallen steadily since the mid 1960s. The present study describes a similar compilation of all published studies from the UK giving individual fat intakes. Ninety-seven studies, representing information for 24,045 individuals, were used. Studies ranged in size from two to 3581 individuals and were drawn from all regions of the UK. Most studies used 7 d weighed intakes as the method of dietary assessment. Quadratic regression equations were applied to the fat intakes from all studies over time, with each study weighted by the number of individuals surveyed. Data were also divided into 10-year periods and weighted fat intakes for each decade were calculated. Data were expressed for all studies, then subdivided into males, females, children and the elderly. Comparisons between Scotland and the South-East of England were made. Results indicate that fat represented 30% or less of dietary energy in the UK until the 1930s, when it began to rise. This rise was curtailed by rationing during and after the Second World War, after which the rise continued, reaching a plateau of about 40% energy in the late 1950s, with little change until the late 1970s. Trends were similar in all age-groups, but less change has occurred recently in Scotland compared with South-East England. These results differ from the pattern in the USA and suggest that if greater changes in mortality from coronary heart disease are to be seen in the UK a greater reduction in dietary fat intake will have to occur.
在一些西方国家，冠心病死亡率正在下降，尽管下降模式因国家而异。在英国，冠心病死亡率自1979年以来一直在下降，而在美国，这种疾病的死亡率自1968年开始下降并持续至今。在众多被认为是下降原因的因素中，饮食因素备受关注，尤其是膳食脂肪摄入量。然而，食物平衡信息显示脂肪摄入量变化不大。最近对美国所有已发表的报告个人脂肪摄入量的研究进行的审查表明，自20世纪60年代中期以来，该国的脂肪摄入量一直在稳步下降。本研究描述了对英国所有已发表的报告个人脂肪摄入量的研究进行的类似汇编。使用了97项研究，代表了24045人的信息。研究规模从2人到3581人不等，来自英国所有地区。大多数研究采用7天称重摄入量作为膳食评估方法。对所有研究随时间的脂肪摄入量应用二次回归方程，每项研究按调查的个体数量加权。数据也被分为10年时间段，并计算每个十年的加权脂肪摄入量。数据针对所有研究进行表述，然后细分为男性、女性、儿童和老年人。对苏格兰和英格兰东南部进行了比较。结果表明，直到20世纪30年代，脂肪在英国膳食能量中的占比为30%或更低，随后开始上升。这种上升在第二次世界大战期间及战后因配给制而受到抑制，战后继续上升，在20世纪50年代后期达到约40%能量的平稳期，直到20世纪70年代后期变化不大。所有年龄组的趋势相似，但与英格兰东南部相比，苏格兰最近的变化较小。这些结果与美国的模式不同，表明如果要在英国看到冠心病死亡率有更大变化，就必须更大幅度地减少膳食脂肪摄入量。
