Mistlberger R E
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1994 Summer;18(2):171-95. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90023-x.
Rats and other species exhibit food-anticipatory activity (FAA) to daily mealtime under circadian (24 h) food access schedules. A critical review of several explanatory models indicates that hourglass clocks and associative learning processes are inadequate to explain many properties of FAA in intact and suprachiasmatic nuclei ablated rodents. A computational learning model, involving circadian clock consultation and phase memory, accounts for some but not all of these properties. An entrainment model, invoking separate, compound food- and light-entrainable oscillators, provides a more complete account of FAA. However, FAA may be simulated best by a model that combines oscillator entrainment with clock consultation and memory for circadian phase. Species as diverse as bees, birds, and mammals appear to share many features of FAA in common; differences may be explained in terms of oscillator organization and the ability to represent multiple circadian phases memorially. Physiological mechanisms of FAA are largely unknown; strategies for localization of entrainment pathways and oscillators, and a modest data base, are reviewed.
在昼夜节律性（24小时）的食物获取时间表下，大鼠和其他物种会对每日用餐时间表现出食物预期活动（FAA）。对几种解释模型的批判性综述表明，沙漏时钟和联想学习过程不足以解释完整的和视交叉上核被切除的啮齿动物中FAA的许多特性。一个涉及昼夜节律时钟咨询和相位记忆的计算学习模型解释了其中一些但不是所有这些特性。一个引入单独的、可被食物和光线共同调节的振荡器的同步模型，对FAA提供了更完整的解释。然而，通过将振荡器同步与时钟咨询以及昼夜节律相位记忆相结合的模型，可能能最好地模拟FAA。蜜蜂、鸟类和哺乳动物等不同物种似乎在FAA方面有许多共同特征；差异可以从振荡器组织以及通过记忆表征多个昼夜节律相位的能力方面来解释。FAA的生理机制在很大程度上尚不清楚；本文综述了同步途径和振荡器的定位策略以及少量的数据库。
