Krakow B, Hauswald M, Tandberg D, Sklar D
University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Albuquerque 87131-5246.
Am J Emerg Med. 1994 Sep;12(5):517-20. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(94)90267-4.
An academic emergency group was surveyed to determine if scheduling night shifts in blocks ("floats") improved attitudes and functioning. Seven physicians worked most of their nights as floats. Another four chose only isolated nights. Float physicians were surveyed for isolated and block nights. Faculty in the float group had poorer attitudes compared with the nonfloat group when both worked isolated nights (P = .0053). Working night floats eliminated these differences. Float physicians had more difficulty with sleep regardless of their schedule. They took longer to recover from an isolated night shift, drank more coffee, and used more postcall sedatives than their colleagues (P = .0108). The ideal night float was 2 to 4 weeks with shifts less than 10 hours, but careful attention to sleep hygiene remained essential. Physicians have different adaptability to night work. For some, concentrating night shifts is a useful strategy for improving shift work. This would require shorter shifts and larger groups than are now commonplace.
对一个学术急诊小组进行了调查，以确定安排成组的夜班（“轮值”）是否能改善态度和工作状态。七名医生大部分夜班是轮值。另外四名医生只选择零散的夜班。对轮值医生的零散夜班和成组夜班进行了调查。当零散夜班时，轮值组的教员与非轮值组相比态度较差（P = 0.0053）。进行成组夜班消除了这些差异。无论排班如何，轮值医生睡眠方面的困难更多。与同事相比，他们从零散夜班恢复所需时间更长，喝更多咖啡，使用更多轮值后镇静剂（P = 0.0108）。理想的轮值周期是2至4周，班次少于10小时，但密切关注睡眠卫生仍然至关重要。医生对夜班工作的适应能力不同。对一些人来说，集中安排夜班是改善轮班工作的有效策略。这将需要比现在更短的班次和更大的团队。
