Grasmick H G, Blackwell B S, Bursik R J, Mitchell S
Department of Sociology, University of Oklahoma.
Violence Vict. 1993 Winter;8(4):313-25.
A survey conducted in 1982 measured perceived threats of shame, embarrassment, and legal sanctions for "physically hurting someone on purpose" among a sample of adults in a southwestern city (N = 350). Sampling from the same community and using an identical methodology, the measures were repeated in a 1992 survey (N = 396). The growing social condemnation of interpersonal violence, especially intimate violence, during the decade and the increasingly punitive response to it by the legal system lead to the hypothesis that perceived threats of shame, embarrassment, and legal sanctions for this behavior were higher in 1992 than they were in 1982. Results indicate increases for embarrassment and legal sanctions among some segments of the population and are discussed in the context of previous findings concerning shame, embarrassment, and legal sanctions as deterrents.
1982年开展的一项调查，对西南部一个城市的成年人样本（N = 350）就“故意身体伤害他人”的羞耻感、尴尬感和法律制裁方面的感知威胁进行了测量。1992年，从同一社区抽样并采用相同方法再次进行了这些测量（N = 396）。在这十年间，社会对人际暴力尤其是亲密暴力的谴责日益增加，同时法律系统对其的惩罚性反应也日益增强，由此提出一个假设：1992年，对这种行为的羞耻感、尴尬感和法律制裁方面的感知威胁比1982年更高。结果表明，部分人群在尴尬感和法律制裁方面有所增加，并结合先前有关羞耻感、尴尬感和法律制裁作为威慑因素的研究结果进行了讨论。
