Ruuskanen J M, Parkatti T
Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Sep;42(9):987-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06593.x.
The purpose of this study was to examine physical activity and the predictors of physical activity and exercise among nursing home residents.
Population study.
The sample (n = 190) was obtained by selecting every man and every second women from the entire nursing home population (n = 346) in the city of Jyväskylä, central Finland, in autumn 1989. Information was eventually collected by interview from 158 persons (49 men and 109 women).
An in-home interview carried out among nursing home populations.
Independent variables were the questions describing physical activity among nursing home populations. Dependent variables were the predictors of physical activity: depression, contentment with nursing home living, activities outside the nursing home, and self-rated functioning.
Walking and home gymnastics were the most common forms of physical exercise. The intensity of overall exercise was rather low, and the men carried out physical exercise more intensively than the women. More than 30% of the respondents reported decreased physical activity during their stay in the nursing home. However, attitudes toward physical exercise among the residents were largely positive. The primary factor limiting physical exercise was poor health status. Among the men, physical exercise was significantly associated with self-rated functioning, depressive symptoms, and contentment with life in the nursing home. Among the women, higher contentment with the nursing home and less depression were associated with a physically active life.
The results suggest that living conditions and factors related to health and functional capacity affect the level of physical activity among nursing home residents. In order to encourage this population to be physically active, attention should be paid not only to physical exercise but also to associated factors, such as satisfaction with everyday life and health.
本研究旨在调查疗养院居民的身体活动情况以及身体活动和锻炼的预测因素。
人口研究。
样本（n = 190）是通过从芬兰中部于韦斯屈莱市整个疗养院人群（n = 346）中每隔一人选取男性、每隔两人选取女性获得的。最终通过访谈收集了158人的信息（49名男性和109名女性）。
在疗养院人群中进行的家庭访谈。
自变量是描述疗养院人群身体活动情况的问题。因变量是身体活动的预测因素：抑郁、对疗养院生活的满意度、疗养院外的活动以及自我评定的功能。
散步和家庭体操是最常见的体育锻炼形式。总体锻炼强度相当低，男性进行体育锻炼的强度高于女性。超过30%的受访者表示在入住疗养院期间身体活动减少。然而，居民对体育锻炼的态度总体上是积极的。限制体育锻炼的主要因素是健康状况不佳。在男性中，体育锻炼与自我评定的功能、抑郁症状以及对疗养院生活的满意度显著相关。在女性中，对疗养院更高的满意度和更少的抑郁与积极的生活方式相关。
结果表明，生活条件以及与健康和功能能力相关的因素会影响疗养院居民的身体活动水平。为了鼓励这一人群积极进行身体活动，不仅应关注体育锻炼，还应关注相关因素，如对日常生活的满意度和健康状况。
