Yip R
Division of Nutrition, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA 30341.
J Nutr. 1994 Aug;124(8 Suppl):1479S-1490S. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1479S.
Iron deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in developing countries and contributes significantly to reduced work productivity and economic output as well as to increased morbidity and mortality. There are well established biochemical tests for assessing iron status in developed countries. However, cost and interference from infectious conditions make it difficult to assess iron status in many developing country settings. Examination of the hemoglobin distribution in the population and assessment of the hemoglobin response to supplementation are alternative approaches to defining iron status and the nature of anemia. Prevention and control of iron deficiency requires the combined approach of dietary improvement, fortification of a common staple food when feasible, and appropriate iron supplementation for infants and pregnant women. In all these intervention activities, operational research is needed to improve effectiveness. In addition, controlling iron deficiency requires coordination with other nutrition and primary health care programs as part of an integrated approach to improved health and nutrition of the population.
缺铁是发展中国家常见的营养失调症，对工作效率降低、经济产出减少以及发病率和死亡率上升有重大影响。在发达国家，有完善的生化检测方法来评估铁状态。然而，成本以及感染性疾病的干扰使得在许多发展中国家的环境中难以评估铁状态。检查人群中的血红蛋白分布以及评估补充铁剂后的血红蛋白反应是确定铁状态和贫血性质的替代方法。预防和控制缺铁需要采取综合方法，包括改善饮食、在可行时强化一种常见主食以及为婴儿和孕妇适当补充铁剂。在所有这些干预活动中，都需要进行运筹学研究以提高有效性。此外，控制缺铁需要与其他营养和初级卫生保健项目协调，作为改善人群健康和营养综合方法的一部分。
