Baker S J, DeMaeyer E M
Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Feb;32(2):368-417. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/32.2.368.
Since 1949, the World Health Organization, recognizing the public health importance of nutritional anemia, has sponsored efforts directed towards its understanding and control. During this period, often as a result of the work of the Organization, advances have been made in many areas. Basic understanding of iron, folate and vitamin B12 nutrition, and the various factors which may influence the availability and requirements of these factors, has greatly increased. Surveys in a number of countries have highlighted the widespread prevalence of nutritional anemia, particularly in developing countries. The major factor responsible is a deficiency of iron, whith folate deficiency also playing a role in some population groups, especially in preganant women. There is increasing evidence that anemia adversely affects the health of individuals and may have profound socioeconomic consequences. Control of nutritional anemia is possible by providing the deficient nutrient(s) either as therapeutic supplements or by fortification of commonly used foodstuffs. Some control programs are reviewed and suggestions for further action outlined. The Organization still has an important role to play in this field, encouraging the development of control programs and providing advice and technical assistance ot member countries.
自1949年以来，世界卫生组织认识到营养性贫血对公共卫生的重要性，一直倡导开展旨在了解和控制营养性贫血的工作。在此期间，往往由于该组织的工作，许多领域都取得了进展。对铁、叶酸和维生素B12营养以及可能影响这些营养素的可利用性和需求量的各种因素的基本认识有了很大提高。一些国家的调查突出表明营养性贫血普遍存在，特别是在发展中国家。主要原因是缺铁，叶酸缺乏在一些人群中也起作用，尤其是孕妇。越来越多的证据表明，贫血对个人健康有不利影响，并可能产生深远的社会经济后果。通过提供缺乏的营养素作为治疗补充剂或强化常用食品，可以控制营养性贫血。本文回顾了一些控制项目，并概述了进一步行动的建议。本组织在这一领域仍可发挥重要作用，鼓励制定控制项目，并向成员国提供建议和技术援助。
