Parízková J
Laboratory of Health Promotion, VIth Clinic of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Sports Sci. 1994 Jun;12(3):251-4. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732170.
Sixteen adolescent cross-country skiers (6 males, 10 females) were assessed during a period of preparation carried out in the school year (period I) and during a period of training in the mountains before competition (period II). Body mass index (BMI), body composition (calculated from skinfolds) and dietary intake were ascertained over a 1 week period. The boys had the highest BMI and the lowest percentage of body fat when compared to controls and other athletic boys of comparable age. Their energy and protein intake (especially during period II) were also above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and above that of controls and other athletic boys of comparable age. The girls had a lower body fat percentage and BMI than untrained girls, and also elevated energy and protein intakes when compared to the RDA. The intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and micronutrients increased significantly during period II as compared to period I. An adequate energy balance was assumed as BMI and body fat did not change significantly during period II. Greater calcium intake during periods I and II, and a lower intake of iron during period I, when compared to the RDA, were observed in the girls. Thus, with the exception of micronutrients, which ought to be carefully monitored, the spontaneously regulated food intake was assumed to be adequate during changes in the intensity of training and climate in adolescent cross-country skiers.
在学年进行的准备阶段（阶段I）以及比赛前在山区训练的阶段（阶段II），对16名青少年越野滑雪运动员（6名男性，10名女性）进行了评估。在1周的时间内确定了体重指数（BMI）、身体成分（根据皮褶厚度计算）和饮食摄入量。与对照组以及年龄相仿的其他运动男孩相比，这些男孩的BMI最高，体脂百分比最低。他们的能量和蛋白质摄入量（尤其是在阶段II期间）也高于推荐膳食摄入量（RDA），且高于对照组以及年龄相仿的其他运动男孩。与未受过训练的女孩相比，这些女孩的体脂百分比和BMI较低，与RDA相比，她们的能量和蛋白质摄入量也有所增加。与阶段I相比，阶段II期间能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和微量营养素的摄入量显著增加。由于阶段II期间BMI和体脂没有显著变化，因此假定能量平衡充足。与RDA相比，观察到女孩在阶段I和阶段II期间钙摄入量较高，而在阶段I期间铁摄入量较低。因此，除了需要仔细监测的微量营养素外，在青少年越野滑雪运动员训练强度和气候发生变化期间，自发调节的食物摄入量被认为是充足的。
