Müller E
Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Universität Salzburg, Austria.
J Sports Sci. 1994 Jun;12(3):261-78. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732172.
As a consequence of the increase in popularity of skiing as a leisure sport, ski teaching has become an important pedagogic and economic issue. Unfortunately, most ski teaching curricula lack a thorough evaluation of the most important swinging techniques. Therefore, this study analyses the biomechanical characteristics of swinging techniques in alpine skiing. The data were collected using biodynamic, kinematic and electromyographic methods, employing 21 test skiers, all of whom were state-certified Austrian ski instructors. For all techniques, the individual turns were divided into a steering phase and an initiation phase. In the main, the fundamental differences between the single techniques became apparent in the initiation phase. There it seemed useful to distinguish between turns with 'up-unweighting' and turns with 'down-unweighting'. It was found that turns with up-unweighting were initiated either from the downhill ski only or from both skis. Turns with down-unweighting were used primarily on mogul pistes and in deep powder snow. Finally, some conclusions for training methodology are given.
作为滑雪作为一项休闲运动日益普及的结果，滑雪教学已成为一个重要的教学和经济问题。不幸的是，大多数滑雪教学课程缺乏对最重要的摆动技术的全面评估。因此，本研究分析了高山滑雪中摆动技术的生物力学特征。数据采用生物动力学、运动学和肌电图方法收集，共有21名测试滑雪者参与，他们均为奥地利国家认证的滑雪教练。对于所有技术，单个转弯被分为转向阶段和起始阶段。主要地，单一技术之间的根本差异在起始阶段变得明显。在那里，区分“向上失重”转弯和“向下失重”转弯似乎是有用的。研究发现，“向上失重”转弯仅从下山滑雪板或从两个滑雪板开始。“向下失重”转弯主要用于雪丘赛道和深粉雪中。最后，给出了一些关于训练方法的结论。
