Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee 49, 5400 Hallein/Rif, Austria.
Athlete Performance Center, Red Bull Sports, Brunnbachweg 71, 5303 Thalgau, Austria.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Apr 6;21(7):2573. doi: 10.3390/s21072573.
The instant of turn switch (TS) in alpine skiing has been assessed with a variety of sensors and TS concepts. Despite many published methodologies, it is unclear which is best or how comparable they are. This study aimed to facilitate the process of choosing a TS method by evaluating the accuracy and precision of the methodologies previously used in literature and to assess the influence of the sensor type. Optoelectronic motion capture, inertial measurement units, pressure insoles, portable force plates, and electromyography signals were recorded during indoor treadmill skiing. All TS methodologies were replicated as stated in their respective publications. The method proposed by Supej assessed with optoelectronic motion capture was used as a comparison reference. TS time differences between the reference and each methodology were used to assess accuracy and precision. All the methods analyzed showed an accuracy within 0.25 s, and ten of them within 0.05 s. The precision ranged from ~0.10 s to ~0.60 s. The TS methodologies with the best performance (accuracy and precision) were Klous Video, Spörri PI (pressure insoles), Martinez CTD (connected boot), and Yamagiwa IMU (inertial measurement unit). In the future, the specific TS methodology should be chosen with respect to sensor selection, performance, and intended purpose.
高山滑雪的瞬时转弯开关（TS）已经使用各种传感器和 TS 概念进行了评估。尽管已经有许多已发表的方法，但不清楚哪种方法最好，或者它们之间的可比性如何。本研究旨在通过评估文献中先前使用的方法的准确性和精密度，来促进 TS 方法的选择过程，并评估传感器类型的影响。在室内跑步机滑雪时，记录了光电运动捕捉、惯性测量单元、压力鞋垫、便携式测力板和肌电图信号。所有 TS 方法都按照各自出版物中的说明进行复制。光电运动捕捉评估的 Supej 提出的方法被用作比较参考。将参考方法和每种方法之间的 TS 时间差异用于评估准确性和精密度。分析的所有方法都显示出在 0.25 秒内的准确性，其中有十个方法在 0.05 秒内的准确性。精度范围从约 0.10 秒到约 0.60 秒。表现（准确性和精密度）最好的 TS 方法是 Klous Video、Spörri PI（压力鞋垫）、Martinez CTD（连接靴）和 Yamagiwa IMU（惯性测量单元）。将来，应根据传感器选择、性能和预期用途选择特定的 TS 方法。
