Manfredi-Romanini M G
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Pavia, Italy.
Neurochem Res. 1994 Jun;19(6):783-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00967720.
Chromatin as a functional whole. Since the nineteen-fifties (1,2), studies on the histochemistry of the nucleus have been based on its concept as a whole: measurement of the DNA content, and the ratio between nucleus size and cell size appeared to be (and were in effect) an indication of the functional status of the single cell and of the cell population. Two decades later, the already well-known morphological distinction between the chromatins as euchromatin and heterochromatin was reinterpreted on the basis of the degree of spiralization of the nucleosomal fiber and its complexity (3). Subsequently, considerable information about the non-random interphasic position of the chromosomal domains in the nucleus was obtained by in situ hybridization, and the successive reconstruction of their location in the nucleus by image processing with Normarski optics and rotating stage or by confocal microscopy (4-8). Moreover, immunological studies using monoclonal antibodies raised against the splicing factors acting on nuclear pre-mRNAs in discrete nuclear regions (spliceosomes) (9,10), lent support to the notion that the chromatin machinery operates as a whole.
作为一个功能整体的染色质。自20世纪50年代以来（1,2），对细胞核组织化学的研究一直基于其作为一个整体的概念：DNA含量的测量以及细胞核大小与细胞大小的比率似乎（实际上也是）单个细胞和细胞群体功能状态的一个指标。二十年后，已经广为人知的常染色质和异染色质之间的形态学差异，根据核小体纤维的螺旋化程度及其复杂性进行了重新解释（3）。随后，通过原位杂交获得了关于染色体结构域在细胞核中非随机间期位置的大量信息，并通过使用诺马斯基光学显微镜和旋转载物台或共聚焦显微镜进行图像处理，相继重建了它们在细胞核中的位置（4 - 8）。此外，使用针对在离散核区域（剪接体）作用于核前体mRNA的剪接因子产生的单克隆抗体进行的免疫学研究（9,10），支持了染色质机制作为一个整体运作的观点。
