Cohen D A, Richardson J, LaBree L
Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112.
Pediatrics. 1994 Sep;94(3):368-75.
To identify which specific parenting behaviors are associated with the onset of alcohol and tobacco use and how they are associated.
Prospective cohort study of two groups of preadolescents surveyed annually, the first group for 4 years, the second for 3 years.
Two public school districts in Southern California.
1034 fifth graders and 1266 seventh graders began the study after obtaining parental consent to complete surveys in a classroom setting. By the last measurement, attrition was 37 and 38% for the two cohorts, respectively.
The onset of tobacco or alcohol use in the last month.
Children who reported that parents spent more time with them and communicated with them more frequently had lower onset rates of using alcohol and tobacco in the last month. These parental interactions lead to more positive relationships with their children. Parental monitoring and positive relations were protective factors for disruptive behavior and the selection of substance-using friends. Disruptive behavior increased the odds of adolescents drinking in the last month approximately twofold and of smoking in the last month two to fourfold.
This study provides further evidence that parenting behaviors are significant precursors to adolescent disruptive behavior, vulnerability to peer pressure, and subsequent substance use. Parents should be targeted in future substance use prevention programs, before their children reach adolescence.
确定哪些特定的养育行为与开始使用酒精和烟草有关，以及它们是如何关联的。
对两组青春期前儿童进行前瞻性队列研究，每年进行调查，第一组为期4年，第二组为期3年。
南加州的两个公立学区。
1034名五年级学生和1266名七年级学生在获得家长同意后，于课堂环境中完成调查，从而开始本研究。到最后一次测量时，两个队列的损耗率分别为37%和38%。
过去一个月内开始使用烟草或酒精。
报告称父母花更多时间陪伴他们且与他们更频繁交流的孩子，过去一个月内使用酒精和烟草的开始率较低。这些亲子互动会使亲子关系更加积极。父母的监督和积极关系是破坏性行为以及选择使用毒品的朋友的保护因素。破坏性行为会使青少年过去一个月内饮酒的几率增加约两倍，吸烟的几率增加两到四倍。
本研究提供了进一步的证据，表明养育行为是青少年破坏性行为、易受同伴压力影响以及随后使用毒品的重要先兆。在孩子进入青春期之前，未来的预防毒品使用计划应将父母作为目标对象。
