Summala H, Mikkola T
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Hum Factors. 1994 Jun;36(2):315-26. doi: 10.1177/001872089403600211.
Fatigue increases the risk of an accident if the driver, on recognizing symptoms of fatigue, does not stop driving. We studied whether a tendency to continue the current activity and complete the task especially affects younger drivers, who are more susceptible to motivational pressures at the wheel in general. The data consisted of Finnish in-depth studies on 586 single-vehicle and 1357 multiple-vehicle accidents in which at least one vehicle occupant died. When excluding alcohol-related cases, the results showed that, first, trailer-truck drivers who either fell asleep or were tired to a degree that contributed to the accident were younger than those involved in the other fatalities. For car drivers, the proportion of fatigue-related cases was approximately constant in each age group, but a variation was seen when studied according to the time of day of the accident, mainly resulting from two distinct peaks. The first was in young drivers 18 to 20 years old between midnight and 6:00 a.m. The other occurred in drivers 56 years and older during the late afternoon hours. These data also indicate that in terms of fatal accidents, fatigue and alcohol seem to be less of a problem for truckers than for car drivers.
如果驾驶员在意识到疲劳症状后仍不停止驾驶，疲劳会增加事故风险。我们研究了继续当前活动并完成任务的倾向是否尤其会影响年轻驾驶员，总体而言，他们在驾驶时更容易受到动机压力的影响。数据包括对芬兰586起单车事故和1357起多车事故的深入研究，这些事故中至少有一名车内人员死亡。排除与酒精有关的案例后，结果显示，首先，那些睡着或疲劳程度导致事故发生的牵引式卡车司机比其他事故死亡者更年轻。对于汽车驾驶员，疲劳相关案例的比例在每个年龄组中大致恒定，但根据事故发生的时间段进行研究时会出现差异，主要是由两个不同的高峰导致的。第一个高峰出现在午夜至凌晨6点之间的18至20岁年轻驾驶员中。另一个高峰出现在下午晚些时候的56岁及以上驾驶员中。这些数据还表明，就致命事故而言，疲劳和酒精对卡车司机来说似乎比对汽车司机问题要小。
