Vieregge P, Friedrich H J, Röhl A, Ulm G, Heberlein I
Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck.
Nervenarzt. 1994 Jun;65(6):390-5.
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently thought to be due to an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. We examined (1) familial prevalences of PD and essential tremor (ET) using a control population and personal investigation; (2) comorbidity and possible traits of a altered premorbid lifestyle in PD were also investigated. Sixty-six PD patients with disease onset after 40 and before 70 years of life and 72 age- and sex-matched hospital controls with chronic diseases underwent neurologic examination and a structured interview. Allegedly symptomatic relatives were investigated personally. For the time prior to 40 years of age, PD patients reported significantly less frequent cigarette smoking overall (Odds ratio = OR 0.37); significantly less frequently a smoking duration of more than 2 years (OR 0.42); significantly less frequently an amount of more than 10 cigarettes smoked per diem (OR 0.24); they did report, however, more frequently an onset for smoking before the age of 20 (OR 3.56). Place of residence and source of drinking water during the first 15 years of life, and number of moves and journeys outside Europe before 40th year of life were not significantly different. PD patients demonstrated an increased risk of a 1st or 2nd degree relative with PD (OR 7.14) or ET (OR 3.62) compared to the control families. Congenital or perinatal abnormalities, and comorbid diseases did not suggest greater risk for PD. Stepwise logistic regression analysis yielded three variables that separated PD patients and controls most significantly, though not completely: "smoking more than 10 cigarettes per diem", "additional family members with PD", "additional family members with ET".
目前认为帕金森病（PD）的病因是遗传因素和环境因素相互作用的结果。我们进行了以下研究：（1）使用对照人群并通过个人调查来研究PD和特发性震颤（ET）的家族患病率；（2）还调查了PD患者的合并症以及病前生活方式改变的可能特征。对66例发病年龄在40至70岁之间的PD患者以及72例年龄和性别匹配的患有慢性疾病的医院对照者进行了神经系统检查和结构化访谈。对据称有症状的亲属进行了个人调查。对于40岁之前的时间段，PD患者总体上报告吸烟频率显著较低（优势比=OR 0.37）；吸烟持续时间超过2年的频率显著较低（OR 0.42）；每天吸烟超过10支的频率显著较低（OR 0.24）；然而，他们确实更频繁地报告在20岁之前开始吸烟（OR 3.56）。15岁之前的居住地、饮用水来源以及40岁之前在欧洲以外的迁移次数和旅行次数没有显著差异。与对照家庭相比，PD患者的一级或二级亲属患PD（OR 7.14）或ET（OR 3.62）的风险增加。先天性或围产期异常以及合并症并未提示患PD的风险更高。逐步逻辑回归分析得出三个变量，这些变量能最显著但并非完全地区分PD患者和对照者：“每天吸烟超过10支”、“有患PD的其他家庭成员”、“有患ET的其他家庭成员”。
