Duarte-Davidson R, Jones K C
Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Jul 11;151(2):131-52. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90170-8.
This paper presents a detailed congener-specific estimate of PCB exposure to the UK population. The average sigma PCB intake (i.e. the sum of IUPAC congeners No. 28, 44, 52, 61/74, 66, 99, 101, 105, 110, 118, 138, 151, 153, 156, 170, 180, 183, 187, 189, 194/205, 201, 202, 206 and 209) for the contemporary UK population was estimated to be 0.53 micrograms/person/day. Food consumption accounted for 97% of the sigma PCB exposure, with fish, milk and dairy products, vegetables and meat and animal fat accounting for 32, 24, 24 and 15%, respectively. The congener pattern for different food products varied, with vegetables playing a major part in the intake of lower chlorinated compounds, whilst fatty foods such as fish, dairy products and meat, were of greater importance for the intake of higher chlorinated compounds. Theoretical body burdens and body fat concentrations of selected PCB congeners were derived for the UK population, based on the estimated contemporary human daily intake of PCBs and a number of assumptions. PCB body burdens and adipose tissue concentrations were generally predicted to increase with age. However, adipose concentrations increased at a slower rate in the older population, due to a dilution effect caused by the increase in body fat weight with age. These theoretical estimates were then compared with measured values for adipose tissue from the Welsh population. Theoretical body burdens and adipose tissue concentrations (not accounting for any metabolic losses) were below the actual values measured for the contemporary Welsh population by between a factor of 2.5 and 4. This discrepancy becomes greater when metabolic losses are included, and probably occurs because present day exposure to PCBs through foodstuffs is likely to be lower than in the past. The lower chlorinated congener No. 28 is more readily removed from the body and is predicted to reach an equilibrium concentration in humans. In contrast, the higher chlorinated No. 153 was predicted to accumulate in the body throughout life. The effect of PCB transfer via breast milk is shown to be important in lowering the body burden of the mother (by approximately 20% over 3 months) and substantially increasing that in the offspring.
本文详细介绍了英国人群多氯联苯（PCB）暴露的同系物特异性估计值。当代英国人群多氯联苯的平均摄入量（即国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）编号为28、44、52、61/74、66、99、101、105、110、118、138、151、153、156、170、180、183、187、189、194/205、201、202、206和209的同系物总和）估计为每人每天0.53微克。食物消费占多氯联苯暴露量的97%，其中鱼类、牛奶及奶制品、蔬菜以及肉类和动物脂肪分别占32%、24%、24%和15%。不同食品的同系物模式各不相同，蔬菜在低氯化合物的摄入中起主要作用，而鱼类、奶制品和肉类等脂肪类食物在高氯化合物的摄入中更为重要。基于估计的当代人类多氯联苯每日摄入量以及一些假设，得出了英国人群选定多氯联苯同系物的理论体内负荷和体脂浓度。多氯联苯的体内负荷和脂肪组织浓度通常预计会随着年龄增长而增加。然而，由于随着年龄增长体脂重量增加导致稀释效应，老年人群体中脂肪浓度的增长速度较慢。然后将这些理论估计值与威尔士人群脂肪组织的测量值进行比较。理论体内负荷和脂肪组织浓度（未考虑任何代谢损失）比当代威尔士人群的实际测量值低2.5至4倍。当考虑代谢损失时，这种差异会变得更大，这可能是因为如今通过食物摄入的多氯联苯可能比过去要低。低氯同系物28更容易从体内排出，并预计在人体中达到平衡浓度。相比之下，高氯同系物153预计会在体内终生积累。结果表明，通过母乳传递多氯联苯在降低母亲体内负荷（三个月内约降低20%）并大幅增加后代体内负荷方面具有重要作用。
