Sandstead H H
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77551.
J Lab Clin Med. 1994 Sep;124(3):322-7.
Zinc plays a key role in genetic expression, cell division, and growth and is essential for function of more than 200 enzymes. Effects of deficiency include stunting, anergy, dermatitis, poor healing, teratology, and neuropsychologic impairments. Risk of deficiency is related to level of anabolism and food choice. Bioavailability is greater from flesh foods than foods of plant origin. Pharmacologic intakes of zinc lower copper retention and impair copper-dependent processes. Pharmacologic intakes of folate impair zinc metabolism and may cause abnormal pregnancy outcomes. A recent review suggests zinc deficiency is common among populations of developing countries, particularly those that are deficient in iron.
锌在基因表达、细胞分裂及生长过程中发挥关键作用，是200多种酶发挥功能所必需的元素。锌缺乏的影响包括发育迟缓、无活力、皮炎、伤口愈合不良、致畸以及神经心理障碍。锌缺乏风险与合成代谢水平及食物选择有关。动物性食物中锌的生物利用率高于植物性食物。锌的药理摄入量会降低铜的潴留，并损害依赖铜的生理过程。叶酸的药理摄入量会损害锌的代谢，并可能导致异常妊娠结局。最近一项综述表明，锌缺乏在发展中国家人群中很常见，尤其是那些缺铁的人群。
