Peek C, Braver E R, Shen H, Kraus J F
Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UCLA 90024-1772.
J Trauma. 1994 Sep;37(3):358-64. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199409000-00004.
Lower extremity injuries are among the most common injuries sustained by motorcycle riders in crashes and often lead to extended and costly medical treatment and permanent disability. This study characterizes lower extremity injuries in a group of 700 motorcycle riders in crashes in Los Angeles County from July 1, 1988, through October 31, 1989. Motorcycle crash fatalities (n = 163) were identified through the Los Angeles County Coroner's office, and nonfatally injured riders (n = 537) were identified at four of the ten level I and level II trauma centers in the county. Lower extremity injuries were diagnosed in 301 (56%) of nonfatally injured and in 75 (46%) of fatally injured riders. Fractures were the most common lower extremity injury and were diagnosed in 52% and 42% of riders with nonfatal and fatal injuries, respectively. Over a third of all fractures were to the tibia or fibula. Drivers and passengers did not differ in their risk for lower extremity injuries. Multiple-vehicle collisions resulted in a higher risk of lower extremity injuries than did single-vehicle collisions. The highest risk for lower extremity fractures was observed among riders in broadside collisions in which another vehicle struck the motorcycle (risk ratio = 2.7). Modifications in vehicle design and rider apparel may prevent some lower extremity injuries in motorcycle crashes.
下肢损伤是摩托车骑手在事故中最常见的损伤之一，常常导致长期且昂贵的医疗救治以及永久性残疾。本研究对1988年7月1日至1989年10月31日期间在洛杉矶县发生事故的700名摩托车骑手的下肢损伤情况进行了特征描述。通过洛杉矶县验尸官办公室确定了摩托车事故死亡者（n = 163），并在该县十个一级和二级创伤中心中的四个中心确定了非致命伤骑手（n = 537）。在非致命伤骑手中，301人（56%）被诊断为下肢损伤；在致命伤骑手中，75人（46%）被诊断为下肢损伤。骨折是最常见的下肢损伤，在非致命伤和致命伤骑手中，分别有52%和42%的骑手被诊断为骨折。所有骨折中超过三分之一发生在胫骨或腓骨。驾驶员和乘客在下肢损伤风险方面没有差异。多车碰撞导致下肢损伤的风险高于单车碰撞。在侧面碰撞事故中，即另一辆车撞上摩托车的情况下，骑手发生下肢骨折的风险最高（风险比 = 2.7）。车辆设计和骑手服装的改进可能会预防摩托车事故中的一些下肢损伤。
