Kraus J F, Peek C, McArthur D L, Williams A
Southern California Injury Prevention Research Center School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1772.
JAMA. 1994 Nov 16;272(19):1506-11.
To determine the effects of the California motorcycle helmet use law on statewide fatalities and a large sample of nonfatal injuries before and after law implementation.
Police reports and death certificates were collected for motorcycle crash fatalities in California for 1991 (prelaw) and 1992 (postlaw). Official counts of registered motorcycles provided a statewide basis for exposure to a motorcycle crash. Autopsy results were collected for fatalities in 11 counties. Hospital records were reviewed for nonfatal injuries in 28 hospitals in 10 of the 11 counties. Police reports were linked to injury data for the riders.
A total of 850 fatalities and injury data for 547 fatally injured riders and 3252 nonfatally injured patients.
Changes in number and rates among statewide fatalities were estimated. The number and pattern of head injuries in fatally and nonfatally injured motorcycle riders were evaluated.
After implementation of the helmet use law, statewide motorcycle crash fatalities decreased by 37.5%, from 523 fatalities in 1991 to 327 in 1992, more than 37%, and an estimated 92 to 122 fatalities were prevented. Motorcycle fatality rates were reduced by 26.5%, from 70.1 per 100,000 registered motorcycles in 1991 to 51.5 per 100,000 in 1992. Head injuries decreased significantly among both fatally and nonfatally injured motorcyclists.
Enactment of an unrestricted helmet law significantly reduces the incidence of motorcycle crash fatalities and the number and severity of head injuries.
确定加利福尼亚州摩托车头盔使用法在法律实施前后对全州范围内的死亡人数以及大量非致命伤样本的影响。
收集了加利福尼亚州1991年（法律实施前）和1992年（法律实施后）摩托车事故死亡的警方报告和死亡证明。注册摩托车的官方统计数据为暴露于摩托车事故提供了全州范围的依据。收集了11个县死亡病例的尸检结果。对11个县中10个县的28家医院的非致命伤患者的医院记录进行了审查。警方报告与骑手的伤害数据相关联。
共有850例死亡以及547名受致命伤骑手和3252名非致命伤患者的伤害数据。
估计全州范围内死亡人数和死亡率的变化。评估致命伤和非致命伤摩托车骑手头部受伤的数量和模式。
头盔使用法实施后，全州摩托车事故死亡人数下降了37.5%，从1991年的523例死亡降至1992年的327例，降幅超过37%，估计预防了92至122例死亡。摩托车死亡率下降了26.5%，从1991年每10万辆注册摩托车70.1例降至1992年的每10万辆51.5例。致命伤和非致命伤的摩托车骑手中头部受伤均显著减少。
颁布无限制的头盔法可显著降低摩托车事故死亡率以及头部受伤的数量和严重程度。
