Deary I J, Fowkes F G, Donnan P T, Housley E
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Psychosom Med. 1994 May-Jun;56(3):197-202. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199405000-00004.
The relationships between personality and risks of coronary heart disease have been studied widely, but little attention has been paid to other forms of atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this study was to determine relationships in the general population between hostile personality and Type A behavior pattern with asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic peripheral arterial disease. The Edinburgh Artery Study comprises a cross-sectional random sample survey of 1592 men and women aged 55 to 74 years sampled from age-sex registers of 10 general practices throughout the city. Peripheral arterial disease was measured using the WHO questionnaire on intermittent claudication, the ankle brachial pressure index, and a reactive hyperemia test. The Bedford Foulds personality deviance questionnaire was used to elicit extrapunitiveness, intropunitiveness, and dominance (including hostile acts); and the Bortner self-administered questionnaire was used to determine Type A/B personality. Hostile acts increased with severity of peripheral arterial disease; there was a mean score of 13.9 in normals and 14.6 in claudicants (p < .05). An increased risk of claudication associated with a one SD increase in hostile acts was significant (p < .05) only in males, odds ratio, 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.96) and was independent of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Dominance was also related to asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in subjects who had neither intermittent claudication nor angina. Contrary to expectations, Type A personality behaviour scores decreased with the severity of peripheral arterial disease. We conclude that hostile personality may be an independent risk factor for chronic peripheral arterial disease in the general population, particularly among men.
人格与冠心病风险之间的关系已得到广泛研究，但对其他形式的动脉粥样硬化疾病关注甚少。本研究的目的是确定在普通人群中，敌对人格和A型行为模式与无症状和有症状的慢性外周动脉疾病之间的关系。爱丁堡动脉研究包括一项横断面随机抽样调查，从全市10家全科诊所的年龄-性别登记册中抽取了1592名年龄在55至74岁之间的男性和女性。使用世界卫生组织关于间歇性跛行的问卷、踝臂压力指数和反应性充血试验来测量外周动脉疾病。贝德福德·福尔兹人格偏差问卷用于引出外罚性、内罚性和支配性（包括敌对行为）；博特纳自填问卷用于确定A型/ B型人格。敌对行为随外周动脉疾病的严重程度增加而增加；正常人的平均得分为13.9分，间歇性跛行者为14.6分（p <.05）。仅在男性中，敌对行为增加一个标准差与间歇性跛行风险增加相关具有显著性（p <.05），比值比为1.41（95%置信区间1.01, 1.96），且与吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和糖尿病无关。在既无间歇性跛行也无心绞痛的受试者中，支配性也与无症状外周动脉疾病有关。与预期相反，A型人格行为得分随外周动脉疾病的严重程度而降低。我们得出结论，敌对人格可能是普通人群中慢性外周动脉疾病的独立危险因素，尤其是在男性中。
