Awada A
Division of Neurology King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Acta Neurol Scand. 1994 May;89(5):323-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02642.x.
One hundred and twenty cases of stroke occurring in Saudi Arabian subjects aged 15 to 45 years are reviewed. These constituted 12.7% of a group of 946 stroke patients. Males outnumbered females (76/44). The frequency of intracranial hemorrhage, including subarachnoid hemorrhage, was slightly lower than cerebral infarction (41.5 vs 58.5%). The causes of large cerebral infarction were as follows: atherosclerosis 17 (28%), cardiac embolism 12 (19.5%), uncommon and uncertain causes 21 (34.5%). Some unusual causes were encountered such as dissecting arterial aneurysm due to popular healing manoeuvres or to traditional dance, retrograde embolism from a thoracic outlet syndrome or embolism from a fibroelastoma of the mitral valve chorda. Lacunar cerebral infarction was diagnosed in nine cases. Hypertension (25.5%) and arteriovenous malformations (20.5%) were the main causes of cerebral hemorrhage; all subarachnoid hemorrhages except one were due to berry aneurysms. The cause was undetermined in 16% of cerebral infarction and 26% of intracranial hemorrhage. The high frequency of stroke in young Saudi Arabian adults is probably a reflection of the demographic structure of the predominantly young Saudi society. The observed causes were relatively similar to those in industrial societies. Contrary to other developing countries infectious disease no longer seems to be an important cause of stroke. Drug abuse, which is becoming an important cause in Western societies, was encountered in only two of our cases.
回顾了120例年龄在15至45岁之间的沙特阿拉伯中风患者。这些病例占946例中风患者群体的12.7%。男性多于女性（76/44）。包括蛛网膜下腔出血在内的颅内出血发生率略低于脑梗死（41.5%对58.5%）。大面积脑梗死的病因如下：动脉粥样硬化17例（28%），心脏栓塞12例（19.5%），不常见和不明原因21例（34.5%）。还遇到了一些不寻常的病因，如因流行的治疗手法或传统舞蹈导致的动脉夹层动脉瘤、来自胸廓出口综合征的逆行栓塞或二尖瓣腱索纤维弹性瘤的栓塞。9例诊断为腔隙性脑梗死。高血压（25.5%）和动静脉畸形（20.5%）是脑出血的主要原因；除1例蛛网膜下腔出血外，其余均由浆果样动脉瘤引起。16%的脑梗死和26%的颅内出血病因未明。沙特阿拉伯年轻成年人中风的高发生率可能反映了以年轻人为主的沙特社会的人口结构。观察到的病因与工业社会中的病因相对相似。与其他发展中国家不同，传染病似乎不再是中风的重要病因。药物滥用在西方社会正成为一个重要病因，在我们的病例中仅出现了2例。
