Halbertsma J P, Göeken L N
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Sep;75(9):976-81.
Passive muscle stretch tests are common practice in physical therapy and rehabilitation medicine. However, the effects of stretching exercises are not well known. With an instrumental straight-leg-raising set-up the extensibility, stiffness, and electromyographic activity of the hamstring muscles have been experimentally determined and the effects of stretching exercises have been evaluated. Fourteen volunteers, aged 20 to 38 years (mean 27.3) were selected from a young healthy population with the toe-touch test (finger-ground distance greater than 0cm), and a straight-leg-raising angle about 80 degrees. According to usual standards the diagnosis was short hamstrings. One group of seven subjects was treated during 4 weeks with a daily home exercise program aimed at stretching the hamstrings, whereas the untreated group was used as a control. Instrumental straight-leg-raising was performed in the subjects of both groups. The significance of the differences between the mean values was determined with the Student's t-test. Comparison of the data obtained before and after the muscle stretching program showed a slight but significant increase in the extensibility of the hamstrings accompanied with a significant increase of the stretching moment tolerated by the passive hamstring muscles. However, the elasticity remained the same. It is concluded that stretching exercises do not make short hamstrings any longer or less stiff, but only influence the stretch tolerance.
被动肌肉拉伸测试在物理治疗和康复医学中是常见的做法。然而，拉伸运动的效果尚不清楚。通过仪器直腿抬高装置，对腘绳肌的伸展性、僵硬度和肌电图活动进行了实验测定，并评估了拉伸运动的效果。从年轻健康人群中选取了14名年龄在20至38岁（平均27.3岁）的志愿者，他们的触趾试验（手指到地面的距离大于0厘米）和直腿抬高角度约为80度。根据通常标准，诊断为腘绳肌短缩。一组7名受试者接受了为期4周的旨在拉伸腘绳肌的每日家庭锻炼计划，而未接受治疗的组用作对照。两组受试者均进行了仪器直腿抬高测试。用学生t检验确定平均值之间差异的显著性。肌肉拉伸计划前后获得的数据比较表明，腘绳肌的伸展性略有但显著增加，同时被动腘绳肌耐受的拉伸力矩显著增加。然而，弹性保持不变。结论是，拉伸运动不会使短缩的腘绳肌变长或变松弛，而只会影响拉伸耐受性。
