De Houwer J, Baeyens F, Eelen P
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Behav Res Ther. 1994 Jul;32(6):629-33. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)90017-5.
In evaluative conditioning research it has been shown that a neutral stimulus (CS) acquires the valence of a positive or negative stimulus (US) with which it is presented contingently. An experiment is reported in which it is examined whether evaluative shifts can also be observed in the complete absence of contingency-awareness. Neutral words were either followed by a briefly presented positive or negative word. Results showed that neutral words which were presented contingently with a positive word, were afterwards liked more than words which were paired with negative words. This result was obtained despite the fact that Ss were not aware of the presentation of the briefly presented USs.
