Munday H S
WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994 Jun;18 Suppl 1:S14-21.
The assessment of body composition in any species is important to the understanding of subjects such as the control of obesity, the realimentation of sick animals and the evaluation of energy requirements. In most cases our requirement is to assess the chemical constituents of the body by the measurement of the fat and fat-free mass (FFM) of the subject. There may also be a requirement to break down the FFM mass into its component parts and measure the tissue distribution within the body. Clearly in the understanding of the causes and effects of obesity in companion animals, the evaluation of the actual level of obesity is fundamental. Similarly, whilst classifying the effectiveness of a weight loss programme it is vital that the reduction in weight loss and the distribution of tissue types can be accurately recorded by the veterinary surgeon or clinician. This review covers the theory of body composition measurement and the techniques which have been developed, together with their relevance to studies with companion animals. Most techniques are based on indirect methods which use the model of the body being at least two chemically distinct compartments, the fat and the FFM. In more complex analyses four and even six compartment models are considered which include concepts such as protein content, cell and osseous mineral content. The techniques to be covered include the measurement of total body water (for example by the use of isotope dilution), anthropometric techniques (skinfold thickness and dimensional evaluation), densitometry, total body potassium, muscle metabolite markers, absorptiometry, neutron activation analysis, electrical conductance, ultrasound, near infrared interactance, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对任何物种的身体成分进行评估，对于理解诸如肥胖控制、患病动物的再喂养以及能量需求评估等主题都很重要。在大多数情况下，我们的要求是通过测量受试者的脂肪和去脂体重（FFM）来评估身体的化学成分。可能还需要将FFM进一步分解为其组成部分，并测量体内的组织分布。显然，在理解伴侣动物肥胖的原因和影响时，评估实际肥胖水平是至关重要的。同样，在对减肥计划的有效性进行分类时，兽医或临床医生能够准确记录体重减轻情况和组织类型分布也是至关重要的。本综述涵盖了身体成分测量的理论、已开发的技术及其与伴侣动物研究的相关性。大多数技术基于间接方法，这些方法将身体模型视为至少两个化学性质不同的部分，即脂肪和FFM。在更复杂的分析中，会考虑四室甚至六室模型，其中包括蛋白质含量、细胞和骨矿物质含量等概念。所涵盖的技术包括全身水的测量（例如通过同位素稀释法）、人体测量技术（皮褶厚度和尺寸评估）、密度测定法、全身钾含量、肌肉代谢物标记物、吸收测定法、中子活化分析、电导、超声、近红外相互作用、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像。（摘要截断于250字）
