Legrand-Defretin V
WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994 Jun;18 Suppl 1:S8-13.
Obesity, which represents the most common form of malnutrition encountered in small animal practices, is mainly the result of overeating. In other words, the energy intake of the obese animal has exceeded at some stage its energy requirement leading to an excessive storage of fat. To overcome such a phenomenon, it is important to define what are the exact energy requirements of dogs and cats. The daily energy requirement of an animal should correspond to the sum of its normal resting energy expenditure, its thermogenesis, and its energy requirement associated with its physical state. The former is affected by intrinsic factors such as body size, body conformation and body composition as well as by environmental parameters (ambient temperature). The latter is affected by the physiological state of the animal (growth, gestation/lactation, ageing) and/or by the amount and type of its activity. The effects of all these factors on the individual energy requirements of dogs and cats will be reviewed here. More scientific information on energy requirements of dogs and cats is clearly necessary to avoid problems of over-or under-feeding. However, there will still be situations where animals become obese because the total energy intake is underestimated. For example, owners often forget to take into account the energy contribution of food eaten outside the regular feeding time. These situations will be discussed because of their importance in the incidence of obesity in pets.
肥胖是小动物临床中最常见的营养不良形式，主要是由过度进食导致的。换句话说，肥胖动物的能量摄入在某个阶段超过了其能量需求，从而导致脂肪过度储存。为了克服这种现象，明确犬猫的确切能量需求非常重要。动物的每日能量需求应与其正常静息能量消耗、产热以及与其身体状态相关的能量需求之和相对应。前者受体型、身体结构和身体组成等内在因素以及环境参数（环境温度）的影响。后者受动物的生理状态（生长、妊娠/哺乳、衰老）和/或其活动量及活动类型的影响。本文将综述所有这些因素对犬猫个体能量需求的影响。显然，为避免过度喂食或喂食不足的问题，需要更多关于犬猫能量需求的科学信息。然而，仍会有动物因总能量摄入被低估而肥胖的情况。例如，主人常常忘记将常规喂食时间之外所吃食物的能量贡献计算在内。鉴于这些情况在宠物肥胖发生率中的重要性，将对其进行讨论。
