Schwartz J
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Sep;150(3):648-55. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.150.3.8087333.
Several studies in recent years have suggested that exposure to airborne particles and to ozone are associated with increases in respiratory hospital admissions. Few of those studies have used inhalable particles as their measure of exposure, and the studies did not always examine both particle and ozone exposure. This study examined the association between both PM10 and ozone and respiratory hospital admissions for persons 65 yr of age and older in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area during the years 1986 to 1989. After controlling for seasonal and other long-term temporal trends, temperature, and dew point temperature, both PM10 (RR = 1.012, 95% CI = 1.019-1.004) and 24-h ozone concentrations (RR = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.040-1.013) were associated with daily admissions for pneumonia. The relative risks are for a 10-microgram/m3 increase in PM10 and a 5-ppb increase in 24-h ozone concentration and from models including both pollutants. Admissions for COPD other than asthma were associated with PM10 (RR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.032-1.009) and ozone (RR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.049-1.007) as well. Asthma admissions were not associated with either pollutant. Controlling for one pollutant did not effect the magnitude of the association with the other pollutant. The magnitude of these relative risks are very similar to those recently reported in Birmingham, Alabama, Ontario, and New York State. This suggests that the associations with both pollutants are likely to be causal.
近年来的几项研究表明，接触空气中的颗粒物和臭氧与呼吸道疾病住院人数增加有关。这些研究中很少有使用可吸入颗粒物作为接触指标的，而且这些研究并不总是同时考察颗粒物和臭氧接触情况。本研究调查了1986年至1989年期间，密歇根州底特律市大都市区65岁及以上人群的PM10和臭氧与呼吸道疾病住院之间的关联。在控制了季节和其他长期时间趋势、温度和露点温度后，PM10（相对危险度=1.012，95%可信区间=1.019 - 1.004）和24小时臭氧浓度（相对危险度=1.026，95%可信区间=1.040 - 1.013）均与肺炎的每日住院人数有关。相对危险度是指PM10每增加10微克/立方米和24小时臭氧浓度每增加5 ppb，且来自包含两种污染物的模型。除哮喘外的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）住院人数也与PM10（相对危险度=1.020，95%可信区间=1.032 - 1.009）和臭氧（相对危险度=1.028，95%可信区间=1.049 - 1.007）有关。哮喘住院人数与这两种污染物均无关。控制一种污染物并不影响与另一种污染物关联的强度。这些相对危险度的强度与最近在阿拉巴马州伯明翰、安大略省和纽约州报道的非常相似。这表明与这两种污染物的关联可能是因果关系。
