Servant D, Parquet P J
Clinique de l'Anxiété, C.H.U. de Lille.
Encephale. 1994 May-Jun;20(3):333-7.
During the last few decades many studies have examined the role of life events in psychiatric disorders. Majority of investigators have mainly focused on depression. Recently the specific etiological role of life events in anxiety have been reexamined. Two possible causal relationships have been hypothesized: loss or separation during childhood can serve as a predisposing factor for adult psychologic conditions and life events occurring in the months before the onset of anxiety disorder, can serve as a precipitating factor. However the main methodologic issue in life events research involves the distorting effect of time recall when life events are elicited retrospectively. Epidemiological and clinical data are consistent with the view that panic disorder is significantly and strongly associated with both parental death and separation in childhood. The relationship between recent life events and anxiety disorders remain unclear. Studies that compare recent life events of anxiety disorder subjects and controls have equivocal results. Different variables (number of events, type, impact) may play a role in anxiety. Recent data have also suggested that early and recent life events specially loss and separation may be a risk factor for secondary depression in anxiety. However, life events do not operate independently of other predispositional variables such as genetic, neurologic and cognitive factors. Further studies using a prospective design may be useful to clarify the relation between life events and anxiety.
在过去几十年里，许多研究探讨了生活事件在精神疾病中的作用。大多数研究者主要关注抑郁症。最近，生活事件在焦虑症中的特定病因作用已被重新审视。人们提出了两种可能的因果关系：童年时期的丧失或分离可能是成年心理状况的一个诱发因素，而在焦虑症发作前几个月发生的生活事件可能是一个促发因素。然而，生活事件研究中的主要方法学问题涉及回顾性引出生活事件时时间回忆的扭曲效应。流行病学和临床数据与以下观点一致，即惊恐障碍与童年时期父母死亡和分离均显著且密切相关。近期生活事件与焦虑症之间的关系仍不明确。比较焦虑症患者和对照组近期生活事件的研究结果并不明确。不同变量（事件数量、类型、影响）可能在焦虑中起作用。近期数据还表明，早期和近期生活事件，特别是丧失和分离，可能是焦虑症继发抑郁症的一个危险因素。然而，生活事件并非独立于其他易患变量，如遗传、神经和认知因素而起作用。采用前瞻性设计的进一步研究可能有助于阐明生活事件与焦虑之间的关系。
