Carter T L
College of Optometry, State University of New York (SUNY).
Geriatrics. 1994 Sep;49(9):37-42, 45; quiz 46-7.
Visual impairment becomes more prevalent with age. A person has "low vision" when legally blind or partially sighted. In addition, many older patients have functional visual impairment that affects their ability to read, even with corrective lenses. Normal visual changes that occur with aging include presbyopia, decreased contrast sensitivity, decreased dark/light adaptation, and delayed glare recovery. The four most prevalent age-related ocular diseases are macular degeneration, open-angle glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy. The primary care practitioner can identify patients with visual problems with a careful history and in-office tests of visual acuity. Patients with visual impairments should be referred to an eye care practitioner for a more comprehensive ocular evaluation.
视力障碍随着年龄增长而更为普遍。当一个人达到法定失明或视力部分受损时，就属于“低视力”。此外，许多老年患者存在功能性视力障碍，即使佩戴矫正眼镜也会影响他们的阅读能力。随着年龄增长出现的正常视力变化包括老花眼、对比敏感度下降、暗/明适应能力下降以及眩光恢复延迟。四种最常见的与年龄相关的眼部疾病是黄斑变性、开角型青光眼、白内障和糖尿病视网膜病变。初级保健医生可以通过详细的病史询问和办公室视力测试来识别有视力问题的患者。有视力障碍的患者应转诊至眼科医生处进行更全面的眼部评估。
