Rubin G S, West S K, Muñoz B, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger S, Schein O, Fried L P
Lions Vision Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Mar;38(3):557-68.
The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Project is a longitudinal study of risk factors for age-related eye diseases and the impact of eye disease and visual impairment on physical disability. In this article, the authors report the prevalence of visual impairment in their population and explore the relations among the various measures of visual function.
A population-based sample of 2520 residents of Salisbury, Maryland, between the ages of 65 and 84 years were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six percent of participants were black. Vision tests included best-corrected Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity with and without glare, Randot stereoacuity, and 60 degrees Humphrey visual fields.
Visual function decreased linearly with age for the acuity, contrast sensitivity, glare, and visual field tests. Stereoacuity remained constant into the mid-70s and declined at an accelerating rate thereafter. Black participants had lower contrast sensitivity, reduced stereoacuity, and worse visual fields, at all ages compared to white participants; however, white participants were more sensitive to glare. The overall prevalence of visual acuity impairment in blacks was 5.6% versus 3.0% for whites, using the traditional United States definition (worse than 20/40 to better than 20/200) and 3.3% for blacks versus 1.6% for whites, using the World Health Organization definition (worse than 20/60 to 20/400). Acuity was correlated moderately with contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, and visual fields (Spearman rho = 0.50, 0.35, and 0.34, respectively). The correlation between acuity and glare sensitivity was low (rho = 0.12).
Many aspects of visual function, not just acuity, decline with age. Black participants have more visual impairement than do white participants for all tests except glare sensitivity. The prevalence of visual acuity impairement in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation population is lower than that reported by other studies using similar test procedures. Low-to-moderate correlations among vision test scores suggest that several different dimensions of visual function are being assessed.
索尔兹伯里眼评估项目是一项关于年龄相关性眼病危险因素以及眼病和视力损害对身体残疾影响的纵向研究。在本文中，作者报告了其研究人群中视力损害的患病率，并探讨了各种视觉功能测量指标之间的关系。
以马里兰州索尔兹伯里2520名年龄在65至84岁之间的居民为基于人群的样本纳入研究。26%的参与者为黑人。视力测试包括最佳矫正早期糖尿病性视网膜病变研究视力、有和无眩光情况下的佩利 - 罗布森对比敏感度、兰多立体视锐度以及60度汉弗莱视野检查。
对于视力、对比敏感度、眩光和视野测试，视觉功能随年龄呈线性下降。立体视锐度在70岁中期之前保持稳定，此后加速下降。与白人参与者相比，黑人参与者在所有年龄段的对比敏感度更低、立体视锐度降低且视野更差；然而，白人参与者对眩光更敏感。按照美国传统定义（视力比20/40差至优于20/200），黑人中视力损害的总体患病率为5.6%，白人则为3.0%；按照世界卫生组织定义（视力比20/60差至20/400），黑人患病率为3.3%，白人患病率为1.6%。视力与对比敏感度、立体视锐度和视野呈中度相关（斯皮尔曼相关系数分别为0.50、0.35和0.34）。视力与眩光敏感度之间的相关性较低（相关系数 = 0.12）。
视觉功能的许多方面，而非仅仅是视力，会随着年龄下降。除眩光敏感度外，在所有测试中黑人参与者比白人参与者有更多的视力损害。索尔兹伯里眼评估人群中视力损害的患病率低于其他采用类似测试程序的研究报告的患病率。视力测试分数之间的低至中度相关性表明正在评估视觉功能的几个不同维度。
