Mehta S, Kalsi H K, Jayaraman S, Mathur V S
Am J Clin Nutr. 1975 Sep;28(9):977-81. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/28.9.977.
The plasma levels and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was studied in ten malnourished children and four normal children after oral administration of a single dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. Plasma peak levels were achieved 2-4 hours later and were 1.5 or 2 times higher in malnourished children compared to the normal. They also took much longer to clear the drug from the plasma, 30 hours or more in malnourished children compared with 12 hours in the normal. These observations point to a slower rate of biotransformation in the liver. The excretion pattern of the drug and its metabolite lends support to this hypothesis. 75-85% of the drug excreted was in the form of conjugated fraction in the normal while only 35-55% was conjugated in malnourished children. In two children the liver biopsy tissue was subjected to assay of bilirubin-UDP transferase and low levels were detected. This observation also points to an alteration in the rate of biosynthesis of chloramphenicol.
对10名营养不良儿童和4名正常儿童口服单剂量25mg/kg体重的氯霉素后，研究了其血浆水平和尿排泄情况。2 - 4小时后达到血浆峰值水平，营养不良儿童的血浆峰值水平比正常儿童高1.5倍或2倍。他们从血浆中清除药物的时间也长得多，营养不良儿童为30小时或更长时间，而正常儿童为12小时。这些观察结果表明肝脏中的生物转化速度较慢。药物及其代谢物的排泄模式支持了这一假设。在正常情况下，排泄的药物75 - 85%是以结合形式存在的，而在营养不良儿童中只有35 - 55%是结合的。对两名儿童的肝活检组织进行了胆红素 - UDP转移酶检测，检测到的水平较低。这一观察结果也表明氯霉素的生物合成速率发生了改变。
