Bonen A
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Sports Med. 1994 Jun;17(6):373-92. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199417060-00004.
Chronic exercise is now known to alter the menstrual cycle. Yet, we do not yet know the true incidence of menstrual cycle alterations in athletes, because good normative data do not exist and the metabolic cost of training has not been considered in many studies. Secondary amenorrhoea is not easily induced by exercise training alone but seems to require additional metabolic stressors. Induction of secondary amenorrhoea in prospective exercise studies has not occurred, although the onset of short luteal or inadequate luteal phase cycles may occur in women even when running distances are not extensive. Such menstrual cycles may cause infertility, but this is only a temporary phenomenon since pregnancy, if desired, will usually occur upon cessation of training. Exercise-related changes in the menstrual cycle can be viewed as a functionally adaptive rather than a maladaptive dysfunction. A strong case can be made that the changes in the menstrual cycle as a result of exercise are an energy conserving strategy to protect more important biological processes. This hypothesis is consistent with the theory of metabolic arrest that has been identified in lower organisms and hibernating mammals.
现在已知长期锻炼会改变月经周期。然而，我们尚不清楚运动员月经周期改变的真实发生率，因为缺乏良好的规范性数据，而且许多研究未考虑训练的代谢成本。继发性闭经并非仅由运动训练轻易诱发，似乎还需要额外的代谢应激源。在前瞻性运动研究中，尚未出现继发性闭经的情况，不过即使跑步距离不长，女性也可能出现黄体期缩短或黄体期不足的月经周期。这种月经周期可能导致不孕，但这只是暂时现象，因为如果有意愿怀孕，通常在停止训练后就会发生。与运动相关的月经周期变化可被视为一种功能适应性变化，而非适应不良的功能障碍。有充分理由认为，运动导致的月经周期变化是一种节约能量的策略，以保护更重要的生物过程。这一假设与在低等生物和冬眠哺乳动物中发现的代谢停滞理论相一致。
