Vaughan J A, Azad A F
Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene & Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
J Med Entomol. 1993 Jan;30(1):214-6. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.1.214.
Two general patterns of erythrocyte digestion were observed in representative species from four insect orders. Ingested erythrocytes were hemolyzed rapidly, and blood meals remained liquefied within body lice, Pediculus humanus L. and the fleas Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) and Xenopyslla cheopis (Rothschild). Peritrophic membrane was absent. In contrast, there was a lag time of 6-18 h before substantial degradation of erythrocytes within the blood meals of bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L.; the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli; and the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex pipiens L. Blood meals of sand flies and mosquitoes were clotted and surrounded by peritrophic membrane at 18-24 h after feeding. Clotting and peritrophic membrane were less pronounced in bed bugs. It is proposed that acquisition and maintenance of pathogen types (i.e., prokaryotic versus eukaryotic) within insects are constrained by the general pattern of bloodmeal processing.
在来自四个昆虫目的代表性物种中观察到了两种红细胞消化的一般模式。摄入的红细胞迅速溶血，在人体虱（Pediculus humanus L.）、猫栉首蚤（Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché)）和印鼠客蚤（Xenopyslla cheopis (Rothschild)）体内血餐保持液化状态。围食膜不存在。相比之下，在臭虫（Cimex lectularius L.）、白蛉（Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli）、斯氏按蚊（Anopheles stephensi Liston）和致倦库蚊（Culex pipiens L.）的血餐中，红细胞在大量降解之前有6 - 18小时的延迟时间。进食后18 - 24小时，白蛉和蚊子的血餐会凝结并被围食膜包围。臭虫的凝结和围食膜现象不太明显。有人提出，昆虫体内病原体类型（即原核生物与真核生物）的获取和维持受到血餐处理一般模式的限制。
