Pharmacological management of pain in children.

This article examines the use of analgesics and psychopharmacological adjuvants in children experiencing pain. Peripheral analgesics are effective for mild to moderate pain. Narcotics are effective but may produce dependence and tolerance as well as untoward side effects. Major tranquilizers, minor tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, and stimulants have all been used as adjuvants in pain management. Major tranquilizers are now discouraged because of potential serious adverse effects. Benzodiazepines are relatively safe and decrease anxiety accompanying pain. Tricyclics may be used with caution. Stimulants have received little attention but may be useful in treating both pain and depression in the physically ill.