Clum G A, Clum G A, Surls R
Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061-0436.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Apr;61(2):317-26. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.61.2.317.
In a meta-analysis, the authors compared the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for panic disorder. Percentage of agoraphobic subjects in the sample and duration of the illness were unrelated to effect size (ES). Type of dependent variable was generally unrelated to treatment outcome, although behavioral measures yielded significantly smaller ESs. Dependent measures of general anxiety, avoidance, and panic attacks yielded larger ESs than did depression measures. Choice of control was related to ES, with comparisons with placebo controls greater than comparisons with exposure-only or "other treatment" controls. Psychological coping strategies involving relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and exposure yielded the most consistent ESs; flooding and combination treatments (psychological and pharmacological) yielded the next most consistent ESs. Antidepressants were the most effective pharmacological intervention.
在一项荟萃分析中，作者比较了惊恐障碍的心理治疗和药物治疗的效果。样本中广场恐惧症患者的比例和病程与效应大小（ES）无关。因变量的类型通常与治疗结果无关，尽管行为测量产生的效应大小明显较小。一般焦虑、回避和惊恐发作的相关测量产生的效应大小比抑郁测量的更大。对照的选择与效应大小有关，与安慰剂对照的比较大于与仅暴露或“其他治疗”对照的比较。涉及放松训练、认知重构和暴露的心理应对策略产生了最一致的效应大小；满灌疗法和联合治疗（心理和药物）产生的效应大小次之。抗抑郁药是最有效的药物干预措施。
