Listemann H, Schölermann A, Meigel W
Dermatologische Abteilung, Allgemeines Krankenhaus St. Georg, Hamburg.
Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Jul;43(7):784-8.
Bituminous shale, developed from marine sediments during the Jura era, is the raw substance for the production of shale oil. The shale oil undergoes heating, distillation, fractionated refining and sulfonation (according to a patented method) resulting in water-soluble sulfonated shale oils (Ichthyol) for medical purposes. The antifungal effect of sulfonated shale oils have been described earlier. In this study an in vitro method is applied which is based upon the CO2 detection as a measure for the sensitivity of fungi to sulfonated shale oils. In addition to the minimal inhibitory concentration values (MIC values), sub-inhibitory concentrations are also determined. The actual efficacy of these antifungal agents is demonstrated via dose-effect curves. Our results show that the fractions of sulfonated shale oils refined at 150 to 210 degrees C (Ichthyol, dark) are fungicidal in concentrations between 0.2 and 16.8% for yeasts, dermatophytes and other hyphomycetes. The fractions of sulfonated shale oils refined at 85 to 150 degrees C (Ichthyol, light), on the other hand, showed a clearly higher antifungal activity (concentrations between 0.1 and 5.9%) for all fungi tested. An extended exposition (24 to 168 h) of Candida albicans to these fractions resulted in a further increase of fungicidal activity. Due to the complex nature of sulfonated shale oils the chemically defined antifungal substance(s) have not yet been identified.
沥青页岩形成于侏罗纪时期的海洋沉积物，是生产页岩油的原料。页岩油经过加热、蒸馏、分馏精炼和磺化（根据专利方法），得到用于医疗目的的水溶性磺化页岩油（鱼石脂）。磺化页岩油的抗真菌作用此前已有描述。在本研究中，应用了一种基于检测二氧化碳的体外方法，以此作为衡量真菌对磺化页岩油敏感性的指标。除了最低抑菌浓度值（MIC值）外，还测定了亚抑菌浓度。这些抗真菌剂的实际疗效通过剂量效应曲线得以证明。我们的结果表明，在150至210摄氏度下精炼的磺化页岩油馏分（鱼石脂，深色）对酵母、皮肤癣菌和其他丝状真菌的杀菌浓度在0.2%至16.8%之间。另一方面，在85至150摄氏度下精炼的磺化页岩油馏分（鱼石脂，浅色）对所有测试真菌显示出明显更高的抗真菌活性（浓度在0.1%至5.9%之间）。将白色念珠菌长时间暴露（24至168小时）于这些馏分中会导致杀菌活性进一步增强。由于磺化页岩油的性质复杂，尚未确定其化学定义的抗真菌物质。
