Taurine release in the hypothalamus is altered by blood pressure changes and neuroactive drugs.

The release of endogenous taurine was determined in the posterior hypothalamus of the conscious, freely moving rat by using the push-pull superfusion technique. At the start of superfusion, the outflow of endogenous taurine declined rapidly with a half-time of 7.9 min and reached a steady state after approximately 1 h. Thereafter, the release rate was constant and amounted to 2.6 +/- 0.3 pmol/min. During depolarization either with K+ (50 or 90 mM) or veratridine (1 or 10 microM), taurine outflow was increased in a concentration-dependent way. Hypothalamic superfusion with tetrodotoxin (1 microM) elicited a sustained decrease in the taurine release to 60% of the control values. Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline led to a rise in blood pressure (45 mm Hg) and enhanced the release of taurine in the hypothalamus. A fall of blood pressure (30 mm Hg) caused by an intravenous infusion of nitroprusside diminished taurine outflow. The results suggest that a considerable amount of the taurine detected is released from hypothalamic neurons. Changes in the release rate of taurine by experimentally induced alterations of blood pressure indicate that, in the posterior hypothalamus, the amino acid might play an important role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator possessing a hypotensive function.