Sharkey A M, Charnock-Jones D S, Boocock C A, Brown K D, Smith S K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Rosie Maternity Hospital, UK.
J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Nov;99(2):609-15. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0990609.
Implantation and growth of the placenta requires extensive angiogenesis to establish the vascular structures involved in exchange. Failure to establish adequate blood supply to the fetus may have serious clinical consequences such as intrauterine growth retardation. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is a recently identified growth factor with significant angiogenic properties. We have demonstrated the presence of four species of mRNA encoding VEGF in both first trimester and term placenta. In situ hybridization was used to localize the sites of expression of VEGF mRNA in these tissues. VEGF expression was seen in villous trophoblast in the first trimester and in extravillous trophoblast at term, and in both fetal macrophages within the villi and maternal macrophages in the decidua. Glandular epithelium in maternal decidua also expressed VEGF mRNA. The strongest site of expression was in maternal macrophages adjacent to Nitabuch's stria, a zone of necrosis at the site of implantation. This complex pattern of expression suggests that VEGF is involved in angiogenesis on both maternal and fetal sides of the placenta and that macrophages are the primary source of VEGF. However, VEGF may also play a role in term placenta, when extensive angiogenesis has diminished, possibly regulating vascular permeability.
胎盘的植入和生长需要广泛的血管生成来建立参与物质交换的血管结构。未能为胎儿建立充足的血液供应可能会产生严重的临床后果，如胎儿宫内生长受限。血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）是最近发现的一种具有显著血管生成特性的生长因子。我们已经证实在孕早期胎盘和足月胎盘中均存在四种编码VEGF的mRNA。原位杂交用于定位这些组织中VEGF mRNA的表达位点。在孕早期，VEGF表达见于绒毛滋养层；在足月时，见于绒毛外滋养层，以及绒毛内的胎儿巨噬细胞和蜕膜中的母体巨噬细胞。母体蜕膜中的腺上皮也表达VEGF mRNA。表达最强的部位是与尼塔布赫带相邻的母体巨噬细胞，尼塔布赫带是植入部位的一个坏死区域。这种复杂多样的表达模式表明，VEGF参与胎盘母体和胎儿侧的血管生成，巨噬细胞是VEGF的主要来源。然而，在足月胎盘血管生成广泛减少时，VEGF可能也发挥作用，可能是调节血管通透性。
