Gear J S, Cassel G A, Gear A J, Trappler B, Clausen L, Meyers A M, Kew M C, Bothwell T H, Sher R, Miller G B, Schneider J, Koornhof H J, Gomperts E D, Isaäcson M, Gear J H
Br Med J. 1975 Nov 29;4(5995):489-93. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5995.489.
The first recognised outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and the first since the original epidemic in West Germany and Yugoslavia in 1967, occurred in South Africa in February 1975. The primary case was in a young Australian man , who was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital after having toured Rhodesia. Two secondary cases occurred, one being in the first patient's travelling companion, and the other in a nurse. Features of the illness included high fever, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea, hepatitis, a characteristic maculopapular rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a bleeding tendency. The first patient died on the seventh day from haemorrhage resulting from a combination of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. The other two patients were given vigorous supportive treatment and prophylactic heparin and recovered after an acute phase lasting about seven days. During this period on developed pancreatitis, the serum amylase remaining raised until the 32nd day after the onset of the illness. The other developed unilateral uveitis after having been asymptomatic for two months. This persisted for several weeks and Marburg virus was cultured from the anterior chamber of the eye.
1975年2月，非洲首次确认发生马尔堡病毒病疫情，也是自1967年在西德和南斯拉夫首次爆发疫情以来的首次疫情，疫情发生在南非。首例病例是一名年轻的澳大利亚男子，他在游览罗德西亚后被送往约翰内斯堡医院。出现了两例二代病例，一例是首例患者的旅行同伴，另一例是一名护士。该病的特征包括高烧、肌痛、呕吐和腹泻、肝炎、特征性的斑丘疹、白细胞减少、血小板减少以及出血倾向。首例患者在第七天死于弥散性血管内凝血和肝功能衰竭合并导致的出血。另外两名患者接受了积极的支持治疗和预防性肝素治疗，在持续约七天的急性期后康复。在此期间，其中一人患上胰腺炎，血清淀粉酶一直升高，直到发病后第32天。另一人在无症状两个月后出现单侧葡萄膜炎。这种情况持续了几周，并且从眼睛前房培养出了马尔堡病毒。
